| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Fall, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy trends in Sweden - a retrospective comparison of patch test data from 1992, 2000, and 2009
- 2015
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 72:5, s. 297-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Contact allergy prevalence rates change over time as a result of variations in allergen exposure. Data from patch test clinics are often used as markers for allergy trends. Objectives. The aim of the present retrospective study was to describe trends in rates of sensitization to allergens in the Swedish baseline series. Patients/materials/methods. Prevalence rates are described by comparing consecutive patch test data from 1992, 2000 and 2009 in Swedish patch test clinics. In total, 3680 patients were included in 1992, 3825 in 2000, and 3112 in 2009. Results. Among test substances with a sensitization rate above 2% in 2009, significant decreases were noted for nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, colophonium, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI), and a significant increase for p-phenylenediamine, as compared with 1992. Potassium dichromate reactions had increased among younger women, whereas reactions to nickel and cobalt had decreased in this group. Sensitization to chromium, cobalt and fragrance mix I had decreased among older men, and sensitization to nickel had decreased among younger men. Conclusions. It is probable that these changes in 1992-2009 reflect both changes in regulations for nickel, lower levels of chromium in cement and of MCI/MI in cosmetics, and increasing use of hair dyes.
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| 3. |
- Yeung, Edwina, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal age is related to offspring DNA methylation : a meta-analysis of results from the pace consortium
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1474-9718 .- 1474-9726.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide trends to delay childbearing have increased parental ages at birth. Older parental age may harm offspring health, but mechanisms remain unclear. Alterations in offspring DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns could play a role as aging has been associated with methylation changes in gametes of older individuals. We meta-analyzed epigenome-wide associations of parental age with offspring blood DNAm of over 9500 newborns and 2000 children (5–10 years old) from the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics consortium. In newborns, we identified 33 CpG sites in 13 loci with DNAm associated with maternal age (PFDR < 0.05). Eight of these CpGs were located near/in the MTNR1B gene, coding for a melatonin receptor. Regional analysis identified them together as a differentially methylated region consisting of 9 CpGs in/near MTNR1B, at which higher DNAm was associated with greater maternal age (PFDR = 6.92 × 10−8) in newborns. In childhood blood samples, these differences in blood DNAm of MTNR1B CpGs were nominally significant (p < 0.05) and retained the same positive direction, suggesting persistence of associations. Maternal age was also positively associated with higher DNA methylation at three CpGs in RTEL1-TNFRSF6B at birth (PFDR < 0.05) and nominally in childhood (p < 0.0001). Of the remaining 10 CpGs also persistent in childhood, methylation at cg26709300 in YPEL3/BOLA2B in external data was associated with expression of ITGAL, an immune regulator. While further study is needed to establish causality, particularly due to the small effect sizes observed, our results potentially support offspring DNAm as a mechanism underlying associations of maternal age with child health.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Aldenborg, Frank, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Mast cells and interstitial cystitis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bladder Pain Syndrome – An Evolution. Philip M. HannoJørgen NordlingDavid R. Staskin, et al. (red.). - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 9783319614496 ; , s. 49-50
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bladder Pain, Interstitial Cystitis
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| 6. |
- Altman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic and environmental contribution to the occurrence of bladder pain syndrome: an empirical approach in a nationwide population sample.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 59:2, s. 280-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aetiology of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) remains poorly understood, and a number of pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed. The importance of genetic factors for BPS is receiving growing attention, but data so far are of a preliminary nature. OBJECTIVE: To empirically assess the genetic and environmental contribution to BPS in a population-based sample of twins. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included >25 000 twins born between 1959 and 1985. Individuals with BPS were identified using latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) based on self-reported symptoms from a nationwide screening for complex diseases in the Swedish Twin Registry. By comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins, we estimated twin similarity and the relative proportions of phenotypic variance resulting from genetic and environmental factors. MEASUREMENTS: Twin similarity was measured. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The LCCA yielded an overall BPS prevalence of 1.1% and 2.4% for males and females, respectively. In males, the contribution of genetic effects to BPS could not be assessed because of the small number of concordant twin pairs. In women, twin similarity estimates indicated a genetic component for the aetiology of BPS, but genetic factors contributed less than one-third of the total variation in susceptibility to BPS. Nonshared environmental factors accounted for more than two-thirds of the variance, whereas early nongenetic factors shared within the family were of little or no consequence to the risk of developing BPS later in life. Use of self-reported symptoms to define the disease phenotype is a limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of environmental factors in the development of BPS in women is substantial, whereas genetic influences are of only modest importance for the possibility of developing the disease.
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| 7. |
- Andreasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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High revision rate following artificial urethral sphincter implantation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 48:6, s. 544-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. In severe cases of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with sphincter dysfunction, the artificial urinary sphincter AMS 800™ may be the last solution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical intervention for SUI with the AMS 800 in patients who were treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg. The primary aim of the study was to determine the complications related to the operation. Material and methods. A retrospective follow-up was done by reviewing medical records. The material comprised 97 men, who underwent their first AMS 800 implantation between May 1997 and June 2010 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Results. The revision rate was 28%, including an infection rate of 3% and an erosion rate of 7%. The mean follow-up for revised patients was 3 years. The median time until revision was 1 year. Seventy-five per cent of all patients were satisfied with the operation at 6 months' follow-up. Radical prostatectomy was the reason behind incontinence in 84% of patients in this series. Conclusion. The results clearly demonstrate a need for revision procedures in a considerable proportion of patients implanted with an AMS 800 device. Patient satisfaction was high, but although this operation has extremely low mortality it has its complications and the system will need to be replaced in time.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Castro-Diaz, D., et al.
(författare)
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Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: A large but heterogeneous field in functional urology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Practical Functional Urology. - Cham : Springer, Cham. - 9783319254302 ; , s. 69-87
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a distressing, chronic bladder disorder comprising symptoms of pain, pressure or discomfort perceived to be related to the bladder which is diagnosed primarily in women and of unknown aetiology, the diagnosis to be set after exclusion of many possible different confusable diseases. This debilitating condition was first identified in the nineteenth century, but it was not until 100 years later that an official definition, constructed by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), became accepted. However, this definition has been debated because around 60 % of patients who were clinically diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (IC) were excluded when applying the NIDDK criteria. A further fundamental problem is that treatment requirements differ importantly between BPS/IC phenotypes. So far, the majority of available studies did not take important distinctions into account, limiting the utility of clinical research in BPS.
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| 10. |
- Delbro, Dick, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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The extracellular matrix-degrading protein ADAMTS5 is expressed in the nuclei of urothelial cells in healthy rats
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 52:2, s. 139-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether protein expression of the extracellular matrix-degrading protease ADAMTS5 can be demonstrated in the urinary bladder of healthy rats, and, if so, to determine the localization of this enzyme. Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted with eight inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of ADAMTS5 in the urinary bladder. Negative controls were established by either excluding the primary antibody or applying the antibody after it had been preabsorbed with its immunogenic peptide. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the distribution of ADAMTS5 in the urinary bladder tissue. Results: Immunoreactivity for ADAMTS5 was demonstrated in the urothelium and in the detrusor. This expression was localized not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nuclei. Confocal microscopy corroborated these findings. Conclusion: Expression of ADAMTS5 was demonstrated in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei of the urothelium and detrusor cells, suggesting that it may play a role at the transcriptional level.
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