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- Edenius, Maja, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Delayed clearance of the pro-carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene in PLHC-1 cells when co-exposed to the antifungal drug clotrimazole and effects on the CYP1A biomarker
- 2024
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Ingår i: Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. - 1879-3177. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in animals, and a biomarker for environmental PAH exposure. The common antimycotic imidazole drug clotrimazole (CLO) has been detected in the aquatic environment and likely co-exists with BaP. Like BaP, CLO can bind to CYP1A enzymes and can act as a CYP1A inhibitor. Co-exposure of BaP with CLO significantly delayed BaP elimination in a fish liver cell line (PLHC-1). Intracellular BaP concentration was 2.4 times higher after 6h in co-exposed cells, compared to cells exposed to BaP alone. Higher BaP concentrations in cells co-exposed to CLO positively correlated with CLO dose, indicating CLO-mediated delays in BaP clearance. After 24h, BaP was undetectable irrespective of CLO co-exposure. In contrast, intracellular CLO concentrations remained constant over the 72h experimental period. Co-exposure of BaP with CLO caused synergistic and time-dependent increases on the CYP1A biomarker both on CYP1A mRNA levels and on CYP1A enzyme activity, in accordance with an apparent delayed BaP elimination in the presence of CLO. These results indicate a toxicokinetic interaction between BaP and CLO on the CYP1A enzyme that delays metabolic clearance of BaP.
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- Kanerva Rice, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Design of a Novel Method to Assess the Usability of Body-Worn Absorbent Incontinence Care Products by Caregivers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (WOCN). - 1071-5754 .- 1528-3976. ; 45:5, s. 456-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new method to measure the usability of absorbent incontinence care products from the caregivers' perspective and to investigate if the method can be used to differentiate between product types in a product change.DESIGN: Process evaluation and validation study.SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Product developers and end users participated in designing the new method. Thereafter, professional caregivers acted as testers of the new method, ranking usability when performing absorbent product changes on patients in a simulated nursing home care environment, assisted by third-party research institute moderators.METHODS: Design and evaluation of a new method designed to assess the usability of body-worn absorbent incontinence care products for lay caregivers were completed. The evaluation included formative and summative evaluations of effectiveness (product fit), efficiency (time and physical workload), and satisfaction. A person-centered approach aimed at including all subjects and settings to generate a single usability score for decision making and product benchmarking. Experienced caregivers changed 4 types of products: (1) disposable body-worn pads with mesh briefs (2-piece system); (2) disposable all-in-one briefs; (3) disposable, T-shaped, and belted brief; and (4) disposable pull-up pants on simulated patients in standing or lying position. Each product change was performed by 1 unassisted experienced caregiver. The probability of success as a score for each product type was calculated across the 4 metrics and reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Descriptive and inferential statistics were developed assuming a binary statistical model, using the weighted scores from each of the factors. An overall usability score was calculated.RESULTS: The method we developed discriminated between usability of different product types. The overall score for the disposable pull-up product (90%; CI: 83%-97%) was better (P < .05) than for the disposable T-shaped brief (83%; CI: 77%-89%), the disposable brief (53%; CI: 45%-61%), and the disposable body-worn pad with mesh pant (61%; CI: 56%-66%) in standing patients. For lying patients, the overall score for the disposable T-shaped brief product (81%; CI: 73%-89% was better (P < .05) than the disposable brief (65%; CI: 45%-61%) and the disposable body-worn pads with mesh brief (62%; CI: 55%-69%). Reliability was evaluated quantitatively in terms of measurement uncertainties in the results.CONCLUSION: The method we described demonstrated differentiation of usability based on product type indicating concurrent validity. Further testing in diverse real-world care environments is needed to evaluate and confirm the validity and to assess reliability of this method in the research setting.
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- Koca Akdeva, Hatice, et al.
(författare)
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Surfactant protein A in particles in exhaled air and plasma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) is an important component of the lung epithelial barrier. Pathological changes in RTLF may cause increased permeability of the epithelial barrier, but changes within RTLF are difficult to assess non-invasively. The aim of this study was to explore if the use of the non-invasive measurement technique, Particles in Exhaled Air (PEx) and blood test were useful in assessing epithelial barrier, and if cigarette smoking affects the relationship. In a general population subcohort from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III in Iceland (n = 112), we collected RTLF droplets using the PEx technique, in conjunction with blood samples and questionnaire data. We measured surfactant protein A (SP-A) in the collected plasma and PEx samples. Participants were defined as healthy if they did not currently have asthma, were non-smokers and had forced expiratory volume in one second & GE; 80% of predicted value. Of the 112 participants, 97 were healthy and 15 were current smokers. There was no correlation between plasma and PEx SP-A levels. However, the ratio of plasma to PEx SP-A was significantly higher in smokers compared to healthy subjects. The lack of correlation between PEx and plasma SP-A in healthy participants, indicates that SP-A in plasma does not diffuse freely over the lung epithelial barrier. However, the lung epithelial barrier may be injured by smoking, leading to diffusion of SP-A across the barrier into the bloodstream, causing an increased ratio of plasma to PEx SP-A.
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- Storsjö, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Elemental carbon - An efficient method to measure occupational exposure from materials in the graphene family
- 2024
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Ingår i: NanoImpact. - 2452-0748. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene is a 2D-material with many useful properties such as flexibility, elasticity, and conductivity among others. Graphene could therefore become a material used in many occupational fields in the future, which can give rise to occupational exposure. Today, exposure is unknown, due to the lack of efficient measuring techniques for occupational exposure to graphene. Readily available screening techniques for air sampling and -analysis are either nonspecific or nonquantitative. Quantifying materials from the broad graphene family by an easy-to-use method is important for the large-scale industrial application of graphene, especially when for the safety of working environment. Graphene consists primarily of elemental carbon, and the present study evaluates the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC)-technique for exposure assessment. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the OC/EC analysis technique as an efficient and easy-to-use method for quantification of occupational exposure to graphene. Methods that can identify graphene would be preferable for screening, but they are time consuming and semi-quantitative and therefore not suited for quantitative work environment assessments. The OC/EC-technique is a thermal optical analysis (TOA), that quantitively determines the amount of and distinguishes between two different types of carbon, organic and elemental. The technique is standardised, well-established and among other things used for diesel exposure measurements (ref standard). OC/EC could therefore be a feasible measuring technique to quantitively determine occupational exposure to graphene. The present evaluation of the technique provides an analytical method that works quantitatively for graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Interestingly, the TOA technique makes it possible to distinguish between the three graphene forms used in this study. The technique was tested in an industrial setting and the outcome suggests that the technique is an efficient monitoring technique to be used in combination with characterisation techniques like for example Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
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| 8. |
- Ternesten-Hasséus, Ewa, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity to methacholine and capsaicin in patients with unclear respiratory symptoms
- 2002
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Ingår i: Allergy. ; 57:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in red pepper, is known to stimulate coughing via the sensory nervous system. Earlier studies showed that patients with airway symptoms induced by chemicals and strong scents cough more after inhalation of capsaicin than healthy control subjects and this has been interpreted as a hyperreactivity of airway sensory nerves. Our aim was to study airway sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin and the occurrence of airway symptoms induced by strong scents in patients who underwent a bronchial methacholine test, primarily because of suspected asthma. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive patients referred for testing with methacholine were also provoked with inhaled capsaicin in increasing concentrations. Cough sensitivity to capsaicin was compared with that in 40 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The patients coughed significantly more compared with the healthy control subjects with each dose of capsaicin (P < 0.0001). Twelve patients (23%) had a positive methacholine test, and of these, nine were diagnosed with asthma. There was no difference in capsaicin sensitivity between patients sensitive or insensitive to methacholine. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the patients had no increased sensitivity to methacholine but did demonstrate sensory hyperreactivity (SHR). SHR appears to be a common diagnosis in investigations of patients with obscure airway symptoms.
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