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- Farrell, Edward J., et al.
(författare)
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Graphical 3D medical image registration and quantification
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 21:3, s. 155-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a graphical three-dimensional method that facilitates image registration and fusion, and provides quantitative geometric and volume information. In particular it enhances the use of functional (radiopharmaceutical) imaging {(SPECT}, {PET)} which, though a powerful clinical tool, has the disadvantage of low spatial resolution and ill-defined boundaries. Registration between functional images and structural images {(MRI}, {CT)} can augment the anatomical context of these functional images.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 4. |
- Chan, Kai M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability
- 2020
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Ingår i: People and Nature. - : Wiley. - 2575-8314. ; 2:3, s. 693-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Humanity is on a deeply unsustainable trajectory. We are exceeding planetary boundaries and unlikely to meet many international sustainable development goals and global environmental targets. Until recently, there was no broadly accepted framework of interventions that could ignite the transformations needed to achieve these desired targets and goals.2. As a component of the IPBES Global Assessment, we conducted an iterative expert deliberation process with an extensive review of scenarios and pathways to sustainability, including the broader literature on indirect drivers, social change and sustainability transformation. We asked, what are the most important elements of pathways to sustainability?3. Applying a social-ecological systems lens, we identified eight priority points for intervention (leverage points) and five overarching strategic actions and priority interventions (levers), which appear to be key to societal transformation. The eight leverage points are: (1) Visions of a good life, (2) Total consumption and waste, (3) Latent values of responsibility, (4) Inequalities, (5) Justice and inclusion in conservation, (6) Externalities from trade and other telecouplings, (7) Responsible technology, innovation and investment, and (8) Education and knowledge generation and sharing. The five intertwined levers can be applied across the eight leverage points and more broadly. These include: (A) Incentives and capacity building, (B) Coordination across sectors and jurisdictions, (C) Pre-emptive action, (D) Adaptive decision-making and (E) Environmental law and implementation. The levers and leverage points are all non-substitutable, and each enables others, likely leading to synergistic benefits.4. Transformative change towards sustainable pathways requires more than a simple scaling-up of sustainability initiatives-it entails addressing these levers and leverage points to change the fabric of legal, political, economic and other social systems. These levers and leverage points build upon those approved within the Global Assessment's Summary for Policymakers, with the aim of enabling leaders in government, business, civil society and academia to spark transformative changes towards a more just and sustainable world.
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| 5. |
- Farrell, Edward J., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative 3D visualization in nuclear medicine
- 1995
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 1995. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819417793 ; , s. 54-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SPECT is a powerful clinical tool. However, the low spatial resolution and ill-defined boundaries associated with SPECT require special consideration in visualization. Quantitative geometric and magnitude information are areas of particular usefulness in evaluating disease states. In this paper, we describe a set of practical 3D visualization tools to display and analyze SPECT data, and present interactive methods to measure (1) the relative position, size and shape of regions of interest and (2) the magnitude and distribution of radioactive count information. Interactive pick tools allow users to extract values at selected points, distance between points, or value profiles along selected line segments. In the three-dimensional reconstruction, transparent and opaque isosurfaces are formed simultaneously at specified activity levels, and the volume enclosed by the opaque surface is displayed. The utility of these tools is demonstrated with two types of patient studies: those using tumor-avid agents to identify active tumor in the chest and abdomen, and those used for evaluating the volume of perfused myocardium.
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