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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Farag, Mohamed A., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative metabolome classification of desert truffles Terfezia claveryi and Terfezia boudieri via its aroma and nutrients profile
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - : Elsevier. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desert truffles are popular ectomycorrhizal fungi valued worldwide for their nutritional and traditional health benefits. Herein, two chief desert truffles viz., Terfezia claveryi and T. boudieri were assessed for their metabolites heterogeneity in context of their volatile sensory and nutrients profile as analyzed via GC-MS. Primary metabolites accounting for nutritive indices in T. claveryi and T. boudieri were investigated with 61 peaks belonging to sugars, sugar alcohols and amino acids. After headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), a total of 106 volatiles were annotated belonging to alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and furans. The abundance of oxygenated monoterpenes as antimicrobials rationalizes for the folk use of desert truffles against trachoma. Benzyl isothiocyanate was detected as the sulfur containing volatile component in desert truffle and absent from truffles. Multivariate data analyses (MVA) revealed that 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone were the most significantly contributors in the discrimination of T. claveryi and T. boudieri specimens. Being more enriched in essential amino acids, T. claveryi provided a better sugar diet composition concurrent with lower sugars and higher sugar alcohols compared to T. boudieri. This study provides the first insight into desert truffles metabolites and sensory composition, and to account for its culinary and medicinal uses.
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