| 1. |
- Fudge, Colin Edward, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Science meets imagination–cities and health in the twenty-first century
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cities and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-8834 .- 2374-8842. ; 1:2, s. 101-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Urbanism will be a dominant concern of policy-makers, planners, investors, researchers, businesses, governments and communities across the globe in coming decades. It has been projected that by 2050, up to 70% of the global population will live in urban areas. Cities and urban governance are being pushed to the forefront of both human and planetary health. Whether health and equity will be prioritised as a basis for decision-making is an open debate. Decisions–made or neglected today–will have impacts over time on human life and ecology, cities and health. Yet the processes of setting directions and making decisions are fraught. Life in urban contexts is complex and replete with uncertainties; the pace of change is rapid; values and long-range goals are contested; and information is incomplete or embodies various forms of bias. A new form of literacy is needed that can help us make decisions and act. Approaches to futures thinking are increasingly used at all levels and in diverse sectors to support decision-making, especially under conditions characterised by complexity. Methods are qualitative, quantitative or hybrid. They include visioning, Delphi studies, horizon scanning, scenarios, trend projection, modelling and backcasting. In combination, they often offer a systematic examination of alternative futures. This article explores the field of futures thinking in relation to cities and health. Importantly, it proposes a set of themes that will be the focus of a special issue of Cities & Health in 2019. These include the use of futures studies and foresight, the prospect of strengthening futures literacy, and the nature of policy-making and governance for improved population health within the developing global urban context.
|
|
| 2. |
- Phrochaska, JO, et al.
(författare)
-
Engage in the Process of Change : Facts and Methods
- 2012
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This textbook advocates patients’ empowerment for improving health outcomes and health system performance. It emphasizes the important implications of improving communication between patient and health professionals and the adherence to treatment regimens. Based on research including theories of Stages of Change and Decision Balance, and by incorporating examples from daily clinical practice, this document sets out the guiding principles to support health professionals in better understanding and empowering patients to change lifestyle and behaviour. These principles describe a general approach to patients’ empowerment, consisting of three main tools: the LINE, the BOX and the CIRCLE. It specifically addresses the major risk factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption and physical activity by putting the focus of action upstream to the causes of these types of lifestyle and behaviour. It is built on accumulating evidence, which shows that tailoring interventions to the characteristics of the target audience is key for success.
|
|
