| 1. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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| 2. |
- Borromei, Ana Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Multiproxy record of Holocene paleoenvironmental change, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- 2010
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - 0031-0182. ; 286:1-2, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We interpret Holocene environmental conditions in a subantarctic high Andean valley from palynological and diatom analysis, peat stratigraphy, and local geomorphology. The multiproxy data from Las Cotorras mire (54° 41′ 13″ S; 68° 02′ 51″ W; 420 m a.s.l.) indicate the development of a soligenous mire, as a result of a fine grained tephra layer deposition over the mineral soils sometime prior to 8000 cal yr BP. The paleoecological conditions in the mire after 8000 cal yr BP show a rapid succession from a limnic to a telmatic stage as the mire is colonized by sedges (Cyperaceae) and herbaceous communities. The upland vegetation changed from cushion and shrub heaths to an expansion of Nothofagus forest at high altitudes after 6500 cal yr BP. The peat is interbedded with clastic sediment that originates from mass wasting events or floods. These depositional changes affected the mire ecosystem water-table level and nutrient status (oligotrophic and/or eutrophic conditions). Maxima in total pollen influx at about 2800, 1100 and 700 cal yr BP coincide with heightened mineral flux, and these changes are related to precipitation and slope processes. The major vegetational change registered in the pollen record is the decline of Nothofagus pollen after 1000 cal yr BP, which reaches a minimum between ca. 680 and 300 cal yr BP. This minimum was likely caused by cool, wet conditions that coincided with the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results indicate the sensitivity of subantarctic Nothofagus forest and mire ecosystems to changes during the Holocene.
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| 3. |
- Möller, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Late Quaternary glaciation history of Isla de los Estados, southeasternmost South America
- 2010
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Ingår i: Quaternary Research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0033-5894 .- 1096-0287. ; 73:3, s. 521-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isla de los Estados is a mountainous island southeast of Tierra del Fuego, in southernmost South America. Its central and eastern parts have an alpine topography, transected by U-shaped valleys, small, partly over-deepened fjords, and a multitude of abandoned cirques, all associated with extensive former local glaciations. Traces of glacial erosion generally reach 400-450 m a.s.l., and above that trimline a distinct sharp-edged nunatak derived landscape is present. The westernmost part of the island has a lower, more subdued topography, reflecting its "softer" geology but possibly also over-running and erosion by mainland-derived ice streams. The present study concentrated on glacigenic sediment sequences exposed along coastal erosional cliffs. A combination of OSL and C-14 datings show that these sediments mostly date from the latest (Wisconsinan/Weichselian) glacial cycle, i.e. from the last ca. 100 ka with the oldest (glaciolacustrine) deposits possibly as old as 90-80 ka. The upper parts of overlying tills, with associated lateral and terminal moraines from glaciers that expanded onto an eustatically exposed dry shelf north of the island, date from the last global glacial maximum (LGM). Radiocarbon ages of peat and lake sediments indicate that deglaciation began 17-16 cal ka BP. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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