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- Fernandez-Calvino, David, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the effects of Cu and pH on microorganisms in highly acidic vineyard soils
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Soil Science. - : Wiley. - 1365-2389 .- 1351-0754. ; 63:5, s. 571-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the use of agricultural land for wine production and the frequent use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides, Cu concentration has been increasing in soils in many parts of the world. In vineyards with acid parent materials, low soil pH may also encourage Cu toxicity, but it is common to use lime in order to increase the soil pH and improve crop yields. Thus, vineyard soils may have large variations in pH, which will affect the microbial communities, making it difficult to isolate possible toxic effects of Cu on soil microbes. Here, analyses of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) patterns and pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT, using leucine incorporation) were used to study the effect of Cu accumulation at small to medium concentrations in acid soils (pH 4.05.8) in vineyards with different land-use history (young, old and abandoned vineyards). The results suggested that soil pH played a dominant role in determining the composition of the microbial community of the soils. Only a small effect of soil Cu could be detected and the effect on microbial community composition was much less than the pH effect. PICT analysis suggested that bacterial communities in old vineyards were more tolerant of Cu than those in the abandoned vineyards. However, increased PICT (Cu tolerance of the bacterial community) was not directly correlated with Cu concentration in the soils. Instead, the estimated Cu tolerance was significantly correlated with soil pH.
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- Fernandez-Calvino, D., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial community structure of vineyard soils with different pH and copper content
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 46:2, s. 276-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern of vineyard soils from the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula was studied to identify soil factors determining the microbial community structure, with special emphasis on effects of Cu pollution and pH. A wide range of soil samples, collected from six winegrowing regions (Rias Baixas, Ribeiro, Ribeira Sacra, Monterrei, Valdeorras and Vinhos Verdes) was analyzed. Physicochemical properties, including total Cu content, five different Cu fractions and available Cu, were also determined. Total Cu varied between 33 and 1120 mg kg(-1) and pH(water) between 4.3 and 7.3. Soil pH rather than Cu content was most important in determining the composition of the microbial community. An increase in the relative concentrations of the monounsaturated PLFAs 16:1 omega 5, 16:1 omega 7c, 17:1 omega 8 and 18:1 omega 7 and a decrease of br18:0. i17:0, 17:0 and cy19:0 was correlated to an increase in pH. A significant effect of Cu was also found, with an increase in the branched fatty acids 10Me17:0, i16:0, 10Me18:0, a17:0 and br17:0 as consequence of Cu pollution. This change in the PLFA pattern was correlated to both the total and available fractions of Cu. Although the PLFA pattern was a useful tool to assess factors affecting the microbial composition, it is difficult to differentiate between these factors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Martínez-Pérez, Amparo, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the Immune Phenotype and Gene Expression Profile Driven by a Novel Tuberculosis Nanovaccine : Short and Long-Term Post-immunization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deciphering protection mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a critical challenge for the development of new vaccines and therapies. We analyze the phenotypic and transcriptomic profile in lung of a novel tuberculosis (TB) nanoparticle-based boosting mucosal vaccine Nano-FP1, which combined to BCG priming conferred enhanced protection in mice challenged with low-dose Mtb. We analyzed the vaccine profile and efficacy at short (2 weeks), medium (7 weeks) and long term (11 weeks) post-vaccination, and compared it to ineffective Nano-FP2 vaccine. We observed several changes in the mouse lung environment by both nanovaccines, which are lost shortly after boosting. Additional boosting at long-term (14 weeks) recovered partially cell populations and transcriptomic profile, but not enough to enhance protection to infection. An increase in both total and resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, but no pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, were correlated with better protection. A unique gene expression pattern with differentially expressed genes revealed potential pathways associated to the immune defense against Mtb. Our findings provide an insight into the critical immune responses that need to be considered when assessing the effectiveness of a novel TB vaccine.
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- Wrobel, L., et al.
(författare)
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Compounds activating VCP D1 ATPase enhance both autophagic and proteasomal neurotoxic protein clearance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancing the removal of aggregate-prone toxic proteins is a rational therapeutic strategy for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Huntington's disease and various spinocerebellar ataxias. Ideally, such approaches should preferentially clear the mutant/misfolded species, while having minimal impact on the stability of wild-type/normally-folded proteins. Furthermore, activation of both ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome routes may be advantageous, as this would allow effective clearance of both monomeric and oligomeric species, the latter which are inaccessible to the proteasome. Here we find that compounds that activate the D1 ATPase activity of VCP/p97 fulfill these requirements. Such effects are seen with small molecule VCP activators like SMER28, which activate autophagosome biogenesis by enhancing interactions of PI3K complex components to increase PI(3)P production, and also accelerate VCP-dependent proteasomal clearance of such substrates. Thus, this mode of VCP activation may be a very attractive target for many neurodegenerative diseases. Several neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the aggregation of cytoplasmic proteins. Here, the authors demonstrate that the small molecule SMER28 activates VCP, which enhances both autophagic and proteasomal clearance of aggregate-prone proteins.
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