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| 2. |
- Fernberg, S. Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of post-cure on carbon fibre polyimide composites with glass transition temperatures above 400ºC
- 2015
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Ingår i: ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials. - : International Committee on Composite Materials.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current communication present results from work on polymeric composites with extreme temperature performance. We are studying carbon fibre composites based on a new phenyl ethynyl terminated polyimide formulation NEXIMID® MHT-R (Nexam Chemicals AB, Sweden) based on hexafluoroisopropylidene bisphthalic dianhydride (6-FDA), 4-(Phenylethynyl)Phthalic Anhydride (4-PEPA) and ethynyl bis-phthalic anhydride (EBPA). This study in particular investigates how post-cure conditions such as time, temperature and atmosphere influence Tg of the composites. In addition to this we also trace and analyse the consequences of post-cure on weight loss and occurrence of micro-cracks. We are considering three different post-curing temperatures: 400°C, 420°C and 440°C in the study. Two different atmospheres, air and inert by nitrogen, were also investigated. In summary the results reveal that remarkably high Tg, up to around 460°C, is achieved with only very limited weight loss. It was also observed that some, but limited amounts of, micro-cracks are developed within the laminates due to the inevitable high thermal stresses generated upon cooling from cure temperature.
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| 3. |
- Nunes, Stephanie Goncalves, et al.
(författare)
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On Temperature-Related Shift Factors and Master Curves in Viscoelastic Constitutive Models for Thermoset Polymers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mechanics of composite materials. - : Springer. - 0191-5665 .- 1573-8922. ; 56:5, s. 573-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable accelerated testing routines involving tests at enhanced temperatures are of paramount importance in developing viscoelastic models for polymers. The theoretical basis, the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle, is used to construct master curves and temperature-dependent shift factor, which is the necessary information to simulate the material response in arbitrary temperature and strain regimes. The Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Analysis (DMTA) TTS mode, being one of the most promising approaches in terms of time efficiency and maturity of the software, is compared in this paper with macrotests at enhanced temperatures in their ability to give reliable master curves. It is shown, comparing simulations with test data for a chosen epoxy polymer, that none of the three DMTA TTS mode-based attempts used (at different temperature steps during frequency scanning) was successful in predicting the epoxy behavior in tests. On the contrary, using one-hour macrotests at enhanced temperatures gives a viscoelastic model with a very good predicting accuracy. Simulations were performed using an incremental formulation of the previously published VisCoR model for linear viscoelastic materials.
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| 4. |
- Nunes, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Physical aging effect on viscoelastic behavior of polymers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Composites Part C: Open Access. - : Elsevier. - 2666-6820. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of physical aging on the viscoelastic (VE) behavior of epoxy resin is investigated experimentally performing strain-controlled tests at various temperatures on specimens aged at different temperatures (TA) for different times (tA). The aging effect is analyzed using as a framework Schapery's type of thermo-aging-rheologically simple (T-A-R simple) VE model that contains aging-state and test-temperature dependent shift factor. Experiments show that in first approximation, the shift factor can be presented as the product of aging related shift factor aA and temperature related factor aT. It is found that for short aging times the change rate of the aging shift factor with tA does not depend on TA, whereas for long tA at high TA the rate increases. Shift factors alone are not able to explain differences in relaxation curves for almost “fully” aged specimens aged at different high TA, It is shown that a T-A-R complex VE model with two additional aging-dependent functions can describe the observed discrepancies.
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| 5. |
- Saseendran, Sibin, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Incremental 1D Viscoelastic Model for Residual Stress and Shape Distortion Analysis During Composite Manufacturing Processes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030299859 ; , s. 65-76, s. 65-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present contribution is toward the systematic characterization and development of a one-dimensional incremental viscoelastic (VE) model for thermo-rheologically complex materials (called “VisCoR”) for the prediction of residual stresses and shape distortions in composites. Traditionally, models that have been developed for this purpose within the composites industry are based on incremental linear elastic methods. While these methods are robust, they fall short in predicting exact behaviour of large composite parts and high temperature composites where relaxation effects also play a vital role in the final shape of the part. Moreover, these models also do not consider the dependency of stresses on temperature and degree of cure. Although viscoelastic models have been formulated, they are not in an incremental form (which is suitable for Finite Element (FE) simulations), hence requiring higher computational efforts. The presented model is an incremental form and requires lesser computational cost and characterization efforts and most importantly takes into account the effect of temperature and degree of cure. Preliminary studies indicate that the incremental 1D viscoelastic model can accurately model VE stress relaxation behaviour when compared to exact solutions.
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| 6. |
- Tsampas, Spyros, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical performance of novel high Tg polyimide matrix carbon fibre-reinforced laminates
- 2015
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Ingår i: ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials. - : International Committee on Composite Materials.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, an assessment of the mechanical performance of a newly developed carbon fibre-reinforced polyimide composite system T650/NEXIMID® MHT-R is presented. This system was subjected to a series of mechanical tests at ambient temperature in order to determine the tensile, compressive, flexural and interlaminar shear properties. Moreover, an additional testing campaign was conducted, using a T650/NEXIMID® MHT-R laminate in which the sizing had been thermally removed prior to manufacturing, in order to investigate the effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical performance. The experimental results indicated that the T650/NEXIMID® MHT-R composites along with exceptionally high Tg (~370-420ºC) exhibited very good elastic properties in comparison with other polyimide and epoxy-based systems and, although slightly lower than the best results from literature, promising strength values. Finally, the thermal removal of the sizing did not affect the tensile, compression and flexural properties, however the interlaminar shear strength was significantly deteriorated.
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