| 1. |
- Backstrom, E., et al.
(författare)
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Possible Extraction of Drugs from Lung Tissue During Broncho-alveolar Lavage Suggest Uncertainty in the Procedure's Utility for Quantitative Assessment of Airway Drug Exposure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 111:3, s. 852-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following inhaled dosing, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) is often used for sampling epithelial lining fluid (ELF) to determine drug concentration in the lungs. This study aimed to explore the technique's suitability. Urea is typically used to estimate the dilution factor between the BAL fluid and physiological ELF, since it readily permeates through all fluids in the body. As representatives of permeable small molecule drugs with high, medium and low tissue distribution properties, propranolol, diazepam, indomethacin and AZD4721 were infused intravenously to steady state to ensure equal unbound drug concentrations throughout the body. The results showed that propranolol had higher unbound concentrations in the ELF compared to the plasma whilst this was not the case for the other compounds. Experiments with different BAL volumes and repeated lavaging indicated that the amount of drug extracted is very sensitive to experimental procedure. In addition, the results show that the unbound concentrations in ELF compared to plasma differs dependent on molecule class and tissue distribution properties. Overall data suggests that lavaging can remove drug from lung tissue in addition to ELF and highlights significant uncertainty in the robustness of the procedure for determining ELF drug concentrations. (c) 2021 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Meghini, C., et al.
(författare)
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ARIADNE: A Research Infrastructure for Archaeology
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1556-4673 .- 1556-4711. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research e-infrastructures, digital archives, and data services have become important pillars of scientific enterprise that in recent decades have become ever more collaborative, distributed, and data intensive. The archaeological research community has been an early adopter of digital tools for data acquisition, organization, analysis, and presentation of research results of individual projects. However, the provision of e-infrastructure and services for data sharing, discovery, access, and (re) use have lagged behind. This situation is being addressed by ARIADNE, the Advanced Research Infrastructure for Archaeological Dataset Networking in Europe. This EU-funded network has developed an e-infrastructure that enables data providers to register and provide access to their resources (datasets, collections) through the ARIADNE data portal, facilitating discovery, access, and other services across the integrated resources. This article describes the current landscape of data repositories and services for archaeologists in Europe, and the issues that make interoperability between them difficult to realize. The results of the ARIADNE surveys on users' expectations and requirements are also presented. The main section of the article describes the architecture of the e-infrastructure, core services (data registration, discovery, and access), and various other extant or experimental services. The ongoing evaluation of the data integration and services is also discussed. Finally, the article summarizes lessons learned and outlines the prospects for the wider engagement of the archaeological research community in the sharing of data through ARIADNE.
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