| 1. |
- Fildes, Brian
(författare)
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Development of a national licence assessment program for older drivers in Australasia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 440-450
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Licensing requirements for older drivers in Australasia are varied, with no available evidence that the different assessment procedures have safety benefits. In 1996 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the USA embarked on the development of a national older driver screening and evaluation program for that country. In 1998 Australian and New Zealand transport jurisdictions funded a similar project to develop and trial an appropriate procedure for use in Australasia, to be conducted by the Monash University Accident Research Center. A model re-licensing procedure was detailed in 2000, following input from key experts and stakeholders in Australia and New Zealand. Components of the model include: assessment to target only functionally impaired older drivers; development of a network of community referral centers; use of multi-tiered assessment procedures and instruments; use of a case officer to assist older people through the assessment process; use of re-training and rehabilitation procedures wherever appropriate; and the licensing authority's role to include counseling on alternative mobility option, if appropriate. During 2001, further research and development activities included: (1) a pilot study of the main processes underpinning the model was conducted in Tasmania, to test the acceptability of the model to older drivers, referral agencies and to licensing officers; and (2) a validation study of possible screening instruments to be used in assessment of fitness to drive, is presently being conducted in New Zealand. This paper reports on findings from the pilot and validation studies, as well as giving an overview of the licensing model.
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| 2. |
- Linder, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic performances of different seat designs for low to medium velocity rear impact.
- 2001
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Ingår i: 45th Annual Proceedings. - : Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. ; , s. 187-201
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is good evidence that seat design and impact severities in terms of delta-V and acceleration plays a role in AIS 1 neck injury outcomes in the event of a rear impact. This study evaluates a number of current production seats to assess the AIS 1 neck injury protection potential at different impact severities. Five different seat designs were exposed to four different impact severities in a sled simulating a rear impact. The same delta-V produced with different peak accelerations generated very different dummy responses. Head restraint position influenced the angular and horizontal displacement of the head relative to torso and the time of head to head restraint contact. The lowest motion of the head relative to the torso was found in the two anti-whiplash seats tested. The results of the study can be used for the design of future vehicle seats and anti-whiplash systems.
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| 3. |
- Oxley, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Older driver highway design : the development of a handbook and training workshop to design safe road environments for older drivers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 301-312
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Older drivers are involved in significantly more serious injury and casualty crashes per kilometre driven than younger drivers and this rate is expected to increase as older people drive more and the population ages. Road design plays a major role in road safety, however, and it has generally not taken the older road user into consideration. There is, therefore, a need to take effective action to reduce risk levels to older road users by designing roads that accommodate the needs and capabilities of this vulnerable road user group. This paper describes a research program that examines the suitability of road design in Australasia for older drivers. The findings from an older driver crash 'black-spot' site study highlight the difficulty experienced by older drivers of selecting safe gaps at intersections, which is exacerbated by factors such as limited sight distance, high task complexity, high traffic volumes, high approach speeds and wide, multi-lane carriageways. Some recommendations are made to target this problem for older drivers including replacing stop and give-way signs with fully controlled traffic signals, provision of roundabouts, and provision of fully controlled right-turn phases (left-turn in US and some European countries). A handbook and training package are under development to promote these recommendations to ensure they receive maximum use by Australasian road authorities and provide awareness of the difficulties experienced by older drivers.
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