| 1. |
- Filipe, A., et al.
(författare)
-
White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine in Europe Introductions, Executive Summary, and Methodology
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 1973-9087 .- 1973-9095. ; 54:2, s. 125-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The White Book (WB) of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) in Europe is produced by the 4 European PRM Bodies (European Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine - EARM, European Society of PRM - ESPRM, European Union of Medical Specialists - PRM Section, European College of PRM-ECPRM served by the European Union of Medical Specialists-PRM Board) and constitutes the reference book for PRM physicians in Europe. It has now reached its third edition; the first was published in 1989 and the second in 2006/2007. The WB has multiple purposes, including providing a unifying framework for European countries, to inform decision-makers on European and national level, to offer educational material for PRM trainees and physicians and information about PRM to the medical community, other rehabilitation professionals and the public. The WB states the importance of PRM, a primary medical specialty that is present all over Europe, with a specific corpus disciplinae, a common background and history throughout Europe. PRM is internationally recognized and a partner of major international bodies, including the World Health Organization (WHO). PRM activities are strongly based on the documents of the United Nations (UN) and WHO, such as the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), the World Report on Disability (2011), the WHO Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021 (2014) and the WHO initiative "Rehabilitation 2030: a call for action" (2017). The WB is organized in 4 sections, 11 chapters and some appendices. The WB starts with basic definitions and concepts of PRM and continues with why rehabilitation is needed by individuals and society. Rehabilitation focuses not only on health conditions but also on functioning. Accordingly. PRM is the medical specialty that strives to improve functioning of people with a health condition or experiencing disability. The fundamentals of PRM, the history of the PRM specialty, and the structure and activities of PRM organizations in Europe are presented, followed by a thorough presentation of the practice of PRM, i.e. knowledge and skills of PRM physicians, the clinical field of competence of PRM, the place of the PRM specialty in the healthcare system and society, education and continuous professional development of PRM physicians, specificities and challenges of science and research in PRM. The WB concludes with the way forward for the specialty: challenges and perspectives for the future of PRM.
|
|
| 2. |
- Coelho, Denis A., 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
The benefits of occupational health and safety standards
- 2021. - 2. ed.
-
Ingår i: Handbook of standards and guidelines in human factors and ergonomics. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781466594524 - 9780429169243 ; , s. 541-568
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From Introduction: In this chapter, occupational health and safety is approached from the viewpoints of both Human Factors and Ergonomics and standardization, including management systems standards. The field of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is summarily characterized, and a historical perspective of its evolution is given, in relationship to Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). While several components of what makes the field of OHS up today pre-existed as specialized fields before, the foundation of the discipline of HFE (following World War II)—and some of the genesis of HFE, OHS, and HFE—have developed as two distinct, although somewhat overlapping, areas of ac-tivity. Links and commonalities can be found today between the two. Environmental conditions (such as noise, climate, or lighting) are an example of an area that is dealt with within the discipline of HFE and is also a central concern of OHS. While inadequate postures and movements at work and psychosocial factors impinge on OHS, HFE is equipped with knowledge and methods to perform the design of work and to deal with these work design factors. Regarding legislation, regulations, and standardization, OHS has gained a head start compared to HFE (the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 in the U.S.A., the ILO R164 recommendation of 1981 at an in-ternational level, and the directive 89/391 on safety and health at work of 1989 in the EU), which supports the inclusion of this discussion on OHS standards within the realm of HFE standards, given the intersecting interests of the two disciplines. Regarding economic considerations, some HFE interventions have been the object of cost-benefit analyses reported in the literature. In what concerns OHS, the literature has focused on the cost of occupational accidents, injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Estimates of costs and benefits of complying with (or adopting) OHS standards are also available in the form of literature dealing with the mandatory U.S. OSHA standards.
|
|
| 3. |
- Menezes, Filipe, et al.
(författare)
-
The Pattern of GH Action in the Mouse Brain
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 165:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GH acts in numerous organs expressing the GH receptor (GHR), including the brain. However, the mechanisms behind the brain's permeability to GH and how this hormone accesses different brain regions remain unclear. It is well-known that an acute GH administration induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the mouse brain. Thus, the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactive cells was analyzed at different time points after IP or intracerebroventricular GH injections. After a systemic GH injection, the first cells expressing pSTAT5 were those near circumventricular organs, such as arcuate nucleus neurons adjacent to the median eminence. Both systemic and central GH injections induced a medial-to-lateral pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity over time because GH-responsive cells were initially observed in periventricular areas and were progressively detected in lateral brain structures. Very few choroid plexus cells exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. Additionally, Ghr mRNA was poorly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus. In contrast, some tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle expressed Ghr mRNA and exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. The transport of radiolabeled GH into the hypothalamus did not differ between wild-type and dwarf Ghr knockout mice, indicating that GH transport into the mouse brain is GHR independent. Also, single-photon emission computed tomography confirmed that radiolabeled GH rapidly reaches the ventral part of the tuberal hypothalamus. In conclusion, our study provides novel and valuable information about the pattern and mechanisms behind GH transport into the mouse brain.
|
|
