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- Mottola, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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MakeSense : Simplifying the Integration of Wireless Sensor Networks into Business Processes
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 45:6, s. 576-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wide gap exists between the state of the art in developing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) software and current practices concerning the design, execution, and maintenance of business processes. WSN software is most often developed based on low-level OS abstractions, whereas business process development leverages high-level languages and tools. This state of affairs places WSNs at the fringe of industry. The makeSense system addresses this problem by simplifying the integration of WSNs into business processes. Developers use BPMN models extended with WSN-specific constructs to specify the application behavior across both traditional business process execution environments and the WSN itself, which is to be equipped with application-specific software. We compile these models into a high-level intermediate language-Also directly usable by WSN developers-And then into OS-specific deployment-ready binaries. Key to this process is the notion of meta-Abstraction, which we define to capture fundamental patterns of interaction with and within the WSN. The concrete realization of meta-Abstractions is application-specific; developers tailor the system configuration by selecting concrete abstractions out of the existing codebase or by providing their own. Our evaluation of makeSense shows that i) users perceive our approach as a significant advance over the state of the art, providing evidence of the increased developer productivity when using makeSense; ii) in large-scale simulations, our prototype exhibits an acceptable system overhead and good scaling properties, demonstrating the general applicability of makeSense; and, iii) our prototype-including the complete tool-chain and underlying system support-sustains a real-world deployment where estimates by domain specialists indicate the potential for drastic reductions in the total cost of ownership compared to wired and conventional WSN-based solutions.
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| 5. |
- Finne, P, et al.
(författare)
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Algorithms based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA, digital rectal examination and prostate volume reduce false-positive PSA results in prostate cancer screening.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Int J Cancer. - : Wiley. ; 111:2, s. 310-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to determine whether multivariate algorithms based on serum total PSA, the free proportion of PSA, age, digital rectal examination and prostate volume can reduce the rate of false-positive PSA results in prostate cancer screening more effectively than the proportion of free PSA alone at 95% sensitivity. A total of 1,775 consecutive 55- to 67-year-old men with a serum PSA of 4-10 g/l in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were included. To predict the presence of cancer, multivariate algorithms were constructed using logistic regression (LR) and a multilayer perceptron neural network with Bayesian regularization (BR-MLP). A prospective setting was simulated by dividing the data set chronologically into one set for training and validation (67%, n = 1,183) and one test set (33%, n = 592). The diagnostic models were calibrated using the training set to obtain 95% sensitivity. When applied to the test set, the LR model, the BR-MLP model and the proportion of free PSA reached 92%, 87% and 94% sensitivity and reduced 29%, 36% and 22% of the false-positive PSA results, respectively. At a fixed sensitivity of 95% in the test set, the LR model eliminated more false-positive PSA results (22%) than the proportion of free PSA alone (17%) (p < 0.001), whereas the BR-MLP model did not (19%) (p = 0.178). The area under the ROC curve was larger for the LR model (0.764, p = 0.030) and the BR-MLP model (0.760, p = 0.049) than for the proportion of free PSA (0.718). A multivariate algorithm can be used to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in screening more effectively than the proportion of free PSA alone, but the algorithms will require updating when clinical practice develops with time. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- Koopman, J J E, et al.
(författare)
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Senescence rates in patients with end-stage renal disease: a critical appraisal of the Gompertz model.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9726 .- 1474-9718. ; Dec, s. 233-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most frequently used model to describe the exponential increase in mortality rate over age is the Gompertz equation. Logarithmically transformed, the equation conforms to a straight line, of which the slope has been interpreted as the rate of senescence. Earlier, we proposed the derivative function of the Gompertz equation as a superior descriptor of senescence rate. Here, we tested both measures of the rate of senescence in a population of patients with end-stage renal disease. It is clinical dogma that patients on dialysis experience accelerated senescence, whereas those with a functional kidney transplant have mortality rates comparable to the general population. Therefore, we calculated the age-specific mortality rates for European patients on dialysis (n=274,221; follow-up=594,767 person-years), for European patients with a functioning kidney transplant (n=61,286; follow-up=345,024 person-years), and for the general European population. We found higher mortality rates, but a smaller slope of logarithmical mortality curve for patients on dialysis compared to both patients with a functioning kidney transplant and the general population (p<0.001). A classical interpretation of the Gompertz model would imply that the rate of senescence in patients on dialysis is lower than in patients with a functioning transplant and lower than in the general population. In contrast, the derivative function of the Gompertz equation yielded highest senescence rates for patients on dialysis, whereas the rate was similar in patients with a functioning transplant and the general population. We conclude that the rate of senescence is better described by the derivative function of the Gompertz equation.
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- Arvidson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Bone regeneration and stem cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Print). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1582-1838 .- 1582-4934. ; 15:4, s. 718-746
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Bone fracture healing and healing problems Biomaterial scaffolds and tissue engineering in bone formation Bone tissue engineering Biomaterial scaffolds Synthetic scaffolds Micro- and nanostructural properties of scaffolds Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis Bone tissue Origin of osteoblasts Isolation and characterization of bone marrow derived MSC In vitro differentiation of MSC into osteoblast lineage cells In vivo differentiation of MSC into bone Factors and pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation of hMSC Defining the relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from MSC MSC and sex hormones Effect of aging on osteoblastogenesis Conclusion Embryonic, foetal and adult stem cells in osteogenesis Cell-based therapies for bone Specific features of bone cells needed to be advantageous for clinical use Development of therapeutic biological agents Clinical application concerns Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors and osteogenesis PRP effects in vitro on the cells involved in bone repair PRP effects on osteoblasts PRP effects on osteoclasts PRP effects on endothelial cells PRP effects in vivo on experimental animals The clinical use of PRP for bone repair Non-union Distraction osteogenesis Spinal fusion Foot and ankle surgery Total knee arthroplasty Odontostomatology and maxillofacial surgery Conclusion Molecular control of osteogenesis TGF-beta signalling FGF signalling IGF signalling PDGF signalling MAPK signalling pathway Wnt signalling pathway Hedgehog signalling Notch signalling Ephrin signalling Transcription factors regulating osteoblast differentiation Conclusion Summary This invited review covers research areas of central importance for orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone tissue repair, including normal fracture healing and healing problems, biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering, mesenchymal and foetal stem cells, effects of sex steroids on mesenchymal stem cells, use of platelet-rich plasma for tissue repair, osteogenesis and its molecular markers. A variety of cells in addition to stem cells, as well as advances in materials science to meet specific requirements for bone and soft tissue regeneration by addition of bioactive molecules, are discussed.
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