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- Andersson, A., et al.
(author)
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FLT3 mutations in a 10 year consecutive series of 177 childhood acute leukemias and their impact on global gene expression patterns
- 2008
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In: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 47:1, s. 64-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During 1995-2004, 209 children/adolescents were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia (ALL, AML) in Southern Sweden, of which 177 (85%), comprising 128 B-lineage ALL, 34 AML, and 15 T-cell ALL, could be analyzed for internal tandem duplications (ITD) and activating point mutations in the second tyrosine kinase domain (ATKD) of FLT3. Seventeen (10%) FLT3 mutations (6 ITD, 11 ATKD, mutually exclusive) were detected. None of the T-cell ALL harbored any mutations. ITD and ATKD were found in 2% and 6% of the B-lineage ALL and in 12% and 9% of the AML, being particularly common in high hyperdiploid ALL (14%), ALL (20%), and AML (23%) with 11q23/MLL rearrangements, and in AML with a normal karyotype (60%). All ATKD-positive AML with MLL rearrangements harbored the t(9,11)(p21,q23). Global gene expression data were available for 76 of the B-lineage ALL and 19 of the AML, of which 6 (8%) and 3 (16%) had FLT3 mutations, respectively. No distinct expression pattern associated with FLT3 mutations was identified. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- Borrow, Julian, et al.
(author)
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Diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia by RT-PCR: detection of PML-RARA and RARA-PML fusion transcripts
- 1992
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In: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 82:3, s. 529-540
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL; AML M3) is identified by a unique t(15;17) translocation which fuses the PML gene to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARA). Reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used to develop a diagnostic test for APL based on the PML-RARA fusion message. Separate PCR assays were designed to amplify either PML-RARA (15q+ derived) or RARA-PML (17q- derived) chimaeric transcripts. PML-RARA transcripts were detected in every case from a series of 18 APL patients with cytogenetically confirmed t(15;17) translocations, whereas RARA-PML messages were detected in only 67% (12/18) of these patients. This suggests that it is the 15q+ derivative which mediates leukaemogenesis. Furthermore the PCR approach (or Southern analysis) may be used to identify in which of the alternative PML introns the breakpoint occurs; 52% of cases (15/29 patients) utilize a 5' PML intron and 48% the 3' intron (14/29 cases). Neither the choice of PML intron nor the expression of the 17q- derivative could be correlated with the microgranular variant of APL (M3V), overall survival rate, age, sex or presence of coagulopathy. Finally, the fusion message is undetectable in five remission samples. This indicates a possible use for RT-PCR in monitoring remission patients for evidence of relapse.
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- Davidsson, Josef, et al.
(author)
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Relapsed childhood high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia : presence of preleukemic ancestral clones and the secondary nature of microdeletions and RTK-RAS mutations.
- 2010
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In: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 24:5, s. 924-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although childhood high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with a favorable outcome, 20% of patients still relapse. It is important to identify these patients already at diagnosis to ensure proper risk stratification. We have investigated 11 paired diagnostic and relapse samples with single nucleotide polymorphism array and mutation analyses of FLT3, KRAS, NRAS and PTPN11 in order to identify changes associated with relapse and to ascertain the genetic evolution patterns. Structural changes, mainly cryptic hemizygous deletions, were significantly more common at relapse (P<0.05). No single aberration was linked to relapse, but four deletions, involving IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/B or AK3, were recurrent. On the basis of the genetic relationship between the paired samples, three groups were delineated: (1) identical genetic changes at diagnosis and relapse (2 of 11 cases), (2) clonal evolution with all changes at diagnosis being present at relapse (2 of 11) and (3) clonal evolution with some changes conserved, lost or gained (7 of 11), suggesting the presence of a preleukemic clone. This ancestral clone was characterized by numerical changes only, with structural changes and RTK-RAS mutations being secondary to the high hyperdiploid pattern.
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