| 1. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Graf, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018 : Energy partitioning in the drought 2018
- 2020
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO 2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004-2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO 2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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| 4. |
- Jaskova, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, spectral and magnetic properties and crystal structures of copper(II) pyridinecarboxylates as potential antimicrobial agents
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1693 .- 1873-3255. ; 360:8, s. 2711-2720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthesis and characterization of six new complexes [Cu[2,6-(MeO)(2)nic)(2)(H2O)](2) (1), [Cu{2,6-(MeO)(2)nic)(2)(H2O)](2)center dot 3DMF (2), where 2,6-(MeO)(2)nic is 2,6-dimethoxynicotinate and DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide, [Cu(3-pyacr)(2)(H2O)(2)](n) (3), where 3-pyacr is trans-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylate, [Cu(en)(2)(H2O)(2)]X-2, where X is 2,6-(MeO)(2)nic (4) or 3-pyacr (5) and en is ethylenediamine, and [Cu(3-pyacr)(2)(dien)([mu-H2O)(0.5)](2) center dot 7H(2)O (6), where then is diethylenetriamine are reported. The characterizations were based on elemental analysis, infrared, electronic and EPR spectra, and magnetic measurements over a temperature range of 1.8-300 K. Crystal structures of complexes 2, 4 and 6 have been determined by X-ray single crystal structure analysis. The available evidence supports dimeric structure of the acetate type for 1 and 2. Crystal structure of polymeric complex 3 has been determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The 3-pyacr anions in pairs form bridges between two octahedrally surrounded copper(II) atoms in such a way that one 3-pyacr is coordinated to the first Cu-II by an oxygen atom of its carboxyl group and to the second Cu-II by the nitrogen atom of its pyridine ring, while the other is coordinated to the same two Cu-II atoms in a similar way, but the other way round. Environment about the copper(II) atom for 4 and 5 is a square bipyramid (4+2). In complex 6 both Cu-II central atoms are bridged only by an axial water molecule forming a dimeric structure with the considerably long separation of Cu-II atoms of 5.194 angstrom and the angle Cul-O3-Cula of 150.79 degrees. Moreover, results of the quantitative determination of antimicrobial activity of the complexes as well as above organic ligands alone are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Moncol, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Aquabis(3-pyridylacrylato)-kappa O-2,O '; kappa O-bis(3-pyridylmethanol-kappa N)copper(II)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section E. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 1600-5368. ; 63, s. m698-m700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the title complex, [Cu(C8H6NO2)(2)(C6H7NO)(2)(H2O)], the Cu2+ ion has a highly distorted square-bipyramidal (4 + 1 + 1) coordination environment, and is bonded to three carboxylate O atoms of two 3-pyridylacrylate anions (monodentate and asymetric bidentate), two pyridine N atoms of 3-pyridyl-methanol ligands and one water O atom. O-(HO)-O-... and O-(HN)-N-... hydrogen bonds result in the formation of a two-dimensional layer structure.
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