| 1. |
- Klinge, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The patient undergoing implant therapy : summary and consensus statements: the 4th EAO Consensus Conference 2015
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 26 Suppl 11, s. 64-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The assignment for this working group was to update the existing knowledge regarding factors considered being of special relevance for the patient undergoing implant therapy. This included areas where conflicting opinions exists since long or recently has been expressed, like the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental implant surgery and peri-implantitis. Also areas with growing interest and concern such as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and health-economy was included in this review.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature in the respective areas of interest (antibiotic prophylaxis, peri-implantitis, patient-reported outcome measurements and health-economic aspects) was searched using different strategies for the different papers. Search strategies ranged from a complex systematic review to systematic- and narrative reviews, depending on subject and available literature. All collected material was critically reviewed. Four manuscripts were subsequently presented for group analysis and discussion and plenum discussions and concensus approval. The selected areas were considered to be of key importance and relevance for the patient undergoing implant therapy.RESULTS: The results and conclusions of the review process are presented in the respective papers. The group's conclusions, identified knowledge gaps, directions for future research and concensus statements are presented in this article. The following reviews were available for group discussions and the foundation for subsequent plenary sessions: Lund B, Hultin M, Tranaeus S, Naimi-Akbar A, Klinge B. (2015) Perioperative antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant placement. A complex systematic review. Renvert S & Quirynen M. (2015) Risk indicators for peri-implantitis. A narrative review. De Bruyn H, Raes S, Matthys C, Cosyn J. (2015) The current use of patient centered/reported outcomes in implant dentistry. A systematic review. Beikler T & Flemmig T.F. (2015) Economic evaluation of implant-supported prostheses. A narrative review.
|
|
| 2. |
- Klinge, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The patient undergoing implant therapy : Summary and consensus statements: The 4th EAO Consensus Conference 2015
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 26:S11, s. 64-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The assignment for this working group was to update the existing knowledge regarding factors considered being of special relevance for the patient undergoing implant therapy. This included areas where conflicting opinions exists since long or recently has been expressed, like the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental implant surgery and peri-implantitis. Also areas with growing interest and concern such as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and health-economy was included in this review. Materials and methods: The literature in the respective areas of interest (antibiotic prophylaxis, peri-implantitis, patient-reported outcome measurements and health-economic aspects) was searched using different strategies for the different papers. Search strategies ranged from a complex systematic review to systematic-and narrative reviews, depending on subject and available literature. All collected material was critically reviewed. Four manuscripts were subsequently presented for group analysis and discussion and plenum discussions and concensus approval. The selected areas were considered to be of key importance and relevance for the patient undergoing implant therapy. Results: The results and conclusions of the review process are presented in the respective papers. The group's conclusions, identified knowledge gaps, directions for future research and concensus statements are presented in this article. The following reviews were available for group discussions and the foundation for subsequent plenary sessions: Lund B, Hultin M, Tranaeus S, Naimi-Akbar A, Klinge B. (2015) Perioperative antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant placement. A complex systematic review. Renvert S & Quirynen M. (2015) Risk indicators for peri-implantitis. A narrative review. De Bruyn H, Raes S, Matthys C, Cosyn J. (2015) The current use of patient centered/reported outcomes in implant dentistry. A systematic review. Beikler T & Flemmig T. F. (2015) Economic evaluation of implant-supported prostheses. A narrative review.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bangsbo, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
Copenhagen Consensus statement 2019 : physical activity and ageing
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 53:14, s. 856-858
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 19th to 22nd November 2018, 26 researchers representing nine countries and a variety of academic disciplines met in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity and older adults. It was recognised that the term ‘older adults’ represents a highly heterogeneous population. It encompasses those that remain highly active and healthy throughout the life-course with a high intrinsic capacity to the very old and frail with low intrinsic capacity. The consensus is drawn from a wide range of research methodologies within epidemiology, medicine, physiology, neuroscience, psychology and sociology, recognising the strength and limitations of each of the methods. Much of the evidence presented in the statements is based on longitudinal associations from observational and randomised controlled intervention studies, as well as quantitative and qualitative social studies in relatively healthy community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, we also considered research with frail older adults and those with age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and in a few cases molecular and cellular outcome measures from animal studies. The consensus statements distinguish between physical activity and exercise. Physical activity is used as an umbrella term that includes both structured and unstructured forms of leisure, transport, domestic and work-related activities. Physical activity entails body movement that increases energy expenditure relative to rest, and is often characterised in terms of intensity from light, to moderate to vigorous. Exercise is defined as a subset of structured physical activities that are more specifically designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive function, flexibility balance, strength and/or power. This statement presents the consensus on the effects of physical activity on older adults’ fitness, health, cognitive functioning, functional capacity, engagement, motivation, psychological well-being and social inclusion. It also covers the consensus on physical activity implementation strategies. While it is recognised that adverse events can occur during exercise, the risk can be minimised by carefully choosing the type of activity undertaken and by consultation with the individual’s physician when warranted, for example, when the individual is frail, has a number of co-morbidities, or has exercise-related symptoms, such as chest pain, heart arrhythmia or dizziness. The consensus was obtained through an iterative process that began with the presentation of the state-of-the-science in each domain, followed by group and plenary discussions. Ultimately, the participants reached agreement on the 30-item consensus statements.
|
|
| 4. |
- Byskov, Camilla S., et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment plan comparison of proton vs photon radiotherapy for lower-grade gliomas
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 2405-6316. ; 20, s. 98-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Patients with lower-grade gliomas are long-term survivors after radiotherapy and may benefit from the reduced dose to normal tissue achievable with proton therapy. Here, we aimed to quantify differences in dose to the uninvolved brain and contralateral hippocampus and compare the risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer for photon and proton plans for lower-grade glioma patients. Materials and methods: Twenty-three patients were included in this in-silico planning comparative study and had photon and proton plans calculated (50.4 Gy(RBE = 1.1), 28 Fx) applying similar dose constraints to the target and organs at risk. Automatically calculated photon plans were generated with a 3 mm margin from clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume. Manual proton plans were generated using robust optimisation on the CTV. Dose metrics of organs at risk were compared using population mean dose-volume histograms and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Secondary cancer risk per 10,000 persons per year (PPY) was estimated using dose-volume data and a risk model for secondary cancer induction. Results: CTV coverage (V95%>98%) was similar for the two treatment modalities. Mean dose (D-mean) to the uninvolved brain was significantly reduced from 21.5 Gy (median, IQR 17.1-24.4 Gy) with photons compared to 10.3 Gy(RBE) (8.1-13.9 Gy(RBE)) with protons. D-mean to the contralateral hippocampus was significantly reduced from 6.5 Gy (5.4-11.7 Gy) with photons to 1.5 Gy(RBE) (0.4-6.8 Gy(RBE)) with protons. The estimated secondary cancer risk was reduced from 6.7 PPY (median, range 3.3-10.4 PPY) with photons to 3.0 PPY (1.3-7.5 PPY) with protons. Conclusion: A significant reduction in mean dose to uninvolved brain and contralateral hippocampus was found with proton planning. The estimated secondary cancer risk was reduced with proton therapy.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bølling, Anette Kocbach, et al.
(författare)
-
Wood smoke particles from different combustion phases induce similar pro-inflammatory effects in a co-culture of monocyte and pneumocyte cell lines.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Particle and fibre toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-8977. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been linked to several adverse cardiopulmonary effects, probably via biological mechanisms involving inflammation. The pro-inflammatory potential of PM depends on the particles' physical and chemical characteristics, which again depend on the emitting source. Wood combustion is a major source of ambient air pollution in northern countries during the winter season. The overall aim of this study was therefore to investigate the cellular responses to wood smoke particles (WSPs) collected from different phases of the combustion cycle, and from combustion at different temperatures. RESULTS: WSPs from different phases of the combustion cycle induced very similar effects on pro-inflammatory mediator release, cytotoxicity and cell number, whereas WSPs from medium-temperature combustion were more cytotoxic than WSPs from high-temperature incomplete combustion. Furthermore, comparisons of effects induced by native WSPs with the corresponding organic extracts and washed particles revealed that the organic fraction was the most important determinant for the WSP-induced effects. However, the responses induced by the organic fraction could generally not be linked to the content of the measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), suggesting that also other organic compounds were involved. CONCLUSION: The toxicity of WSPs seems to a large extent to be determined by stove type and combustion conditions, rather than the phase of the combustion cycle. Notably, this toxicity seems to strongly depend on the organic fraction, and it is probably associated with organic components other than the commonly measured unsubstituted PAHs.
|
|
| 6. |
- Christensen, Ulla Bjerre, et al.
(författare)
-
Different islet protein expression profiles during spontaneous diabetes development vs. allograft rejection in BB-DP rats
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 39:4, s. 315-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by selective autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans. When the beta-cells are destroyed exogenous administration of insulin is necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Allogeneic islet transplantation has been used as a means to circumvent the need for insulin administration and has in some cases been able to restore endogenous insulin production for years. However, long life immunosuppression is needed to prevent the graft from being rejected and destroyed. Changes in protein expression pattern during spontaneous diabetes development in the diabetes prone BioBreeding rat (BB-DP) have previously been described. In the present study, we have investigated if any of the changes seen in the protein expression pattern during spontaneous diabetes development are also present during allograft rejection of BB-DP rat islets. Two hundred neonatal islets were syngeneically transplanted under the kidney capsule of 30 day old BB-DP rats and removed prior to and at onset of diabetes. Allogeneically transplanted islets from BB-DP rats were removed before onset of allograft rejection and at maximal islet graft inflammation (rejection). The protein expression profiles of the transplants were visualised by two-dimensional gel (2-DG) electrophoresis, analysed and compared. In total, 2590 protein spots were visualised and of these 310 changed expression ( p < 0.01) in syngeneic islet transplants in the BB-DP rats from 7 days after transplantation until onset of diabetes. In BB-DP islets transplanted to WK rats 53 protein spots ( p < 0.01) showed changes in expression when comparing islet grafts removed 7 days after transplantation with islet grafts removed 12 days after transplantation where mononuclear cell infiltration is at its maximum. Only four protein spots (1%) were significantly changed in both syngeneic (autoimmune) and allogeneic islet destruction. When comparing protein expression changes in syngeneic BB-DP islet transplants from 37 days after transplantation to onset of diabetes with protein expression changes in allografts from day 7 to 12 after transplantation only three spot were found to commonly change expression in both situations. In conclusion, a large number of protein expression changes were detected in both autoimmune islet destruction and allogeneic islet rejection, only two overlaps were detected, suggesting that autoimmune islet destruction and allogeneic islet rejection may result from different target cell responses to signals induced by the cellular infiltrate. Whether this reflects activation of distinct signalling pathways in islet cells is currently unknown and need to be further investigated.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gerlofs-Nijland, Miriam E, et al.
(författare)
-
Toxicity of coarse and fine particulate matter from sites with contrasting traffic profiles.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Inhalation Toxicology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0895-8378 .- 1091-7691. ; 19:13, s. 1055-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residence in urban areas with much traffic has been associated with various negative health effects. However, the contribution of traffic emissions to these adverse health effects has not been fully determined. Therefore, the objective of this in vivo study is to compare the pulmonary and systemic responses of rats exposed to particulate matter (PM) obtained from various locations with contrasting traffic profiles. Samples of coarse (2.5 mu m-10 mu m) and fine (0.1 mu m-2.5 mu m) PM were simultaneously collected at nine sites across Europe with a high-volume cascade impactor. Six PM samples from various locations were selected on the basis of contrast in in vitro analysis, chemical composition, and traffic profiles. We exposed spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats to a single dose (3 mg PM/kg body weight or 10 mg PM/kg body weight) of either coarse or fine PM by intratracheal instillation. We assessed changes in biochemical markers, cell differentials, and histopathological changes in the lungs and blood 24 h postexposure. The dose-related adverse effects that both coarse and fine PM induced in the lungs and vascular system were mainly related to cytotoxicity, inflammation, and blood viscosity. We observed clear differences in the extent of these responses to PM from the various locations at equivalent dose levels. There was a trend that suggests that samples from high-traffic sites were the most toxic. It is likely that the toxicological responses of SH rats were associated with specific PM components derived from brake wear (copper and barium), tire wear (zinc), and wood smoke (potassium).
|
|
| 8. |
- Grønborg, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
-
Leukoencephalopathy due to Complex II Deficiency and Bi-Allelic SDHB Mutations: Further Cases and Implications for Genetic Counselling.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: JIMD reports. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 2192-8304. ; 33, s. 69-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isolated complex II deficiency is a rare cause of mitochondrial disease and bi-allelic mutations in SDHB have been identified in only a few patients with complex II deficiency and a progressive neurological phenotype with onset in infancy. On the other hand, heterozygous SDHB mutations are a well-known cause of familial paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma and renal cell cancer. Here, we describe two additional patients with respiratory chain deficiency due to bi-allelic SDHB mutations. The patients' clinical, neuroradiological, and biochemical phenotype is discussed according to current knowledge on complex II and SDHB deficiency and is well in line with previously described cases, thus confirming the specific neuroradiological presentation of complex II deficiency that recently has emerged. The patients' genotype revealed one novel SDHB mutation, and one SDHB mutation, which previously has been described in heterozygous form in patients with familial paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma and/or renal cell cancer. This is only the second example in the literature where one specific SDHx mutation is associated with both recessive mitochondrial disease in one patient and familial paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma in others. Due to uncertainties regarding penetrance of different heterozygous SDHB mutations, we argue that all heterozygous SDHB mutation carriers identified in relation to SDHB-related leukoencephalopathy should be referred to relevant surveillance programs for paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma and renal cell cancer. The diagnosis of complex II deficiency due to SDHB mutations therefore raises implications for genetic counselling that go beyond the recurrence risk in the family according to an autosomal recessive inheritance.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hannl, Thomas Karl, M.Sc. 1993-
(författare)
-
Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge fluidized bed gasification processes
- 2020
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most sustainable pathways of sewage sludge treatment in recent years has been thermal conversion. The benefits of thermal treatment of sewage sludge are the recovery of energy or valuable chemical products, the destruction of harmful organic compounds, the separation of heavy metals from the P-rich coarse ash fraction, and the decreased and sanitized ash volume. The ashes created by these thermal conversion processes of sewage sludge are often rich in P that is mostly present in minerals with low plant-availability such as apatite. Due to the enrichment of P in the created ashes, a variety of post-processing steps have been developed to recover P from sewage sludge ashes. One proven way for the sus-tainable recovery of P from such ashes is thermal post-processing with alkaline salts, e.g., Na2SO4 or K2CO3, which was able to transform less plant-available phosphates in the sewage sludge into more plant-available alkali-bearing phos-phates. Based on these results, one could facilitate creating these phosphates with enhanced plant-availability by providing the chemical potential to form them already during the thermal conversion process of sewage sludge. This thesis aims to increase the current knowledge about the ash transformation processes of P and to suggest suitable process parameters for the alteration of the phosphate speciation in sewage sludge ashes by co-conversion with alkaline-rich agricultural residues. More specifically, the possibility of incorporating K derived from agricultural residues in phosphate structures derived from sewage sludge was evaluated with respect to the influence of the process temperature, the conver-sion atmosphere, and the fuel mixture. The studied parameters were chosen to generate knowledge relevant for fluidized bed gasification processes, with a spe-cial focus on dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification systems.The applicability of feldspar bed materials in fluidized bed gasification systems was investigated to enable the substitution of the commonly used olivine, which often contains heavy metals (potentially contaminating recovered ashes), and quartz, which is very reactive towards fuel-derived K and potentially leads to bed material fragmentation and bed agglomeration (Paper I & II). Subsequently, the thermodynamic potential for the alteration of the P-species in sewage sludge ash during co-combustion and co-gasification processes with agricultural residues was investigated (Paper III). Thereafter, an experimental evaluation of the ash transformation chemistry in thermal conversion processes of sewage sludge with different types of alkali-rich agricultural residues in temperatures relevant for flu-idized bed technology was conducted (Paper IV & V).The methodology employed was chosen with respect to the state of technology of the specific investigated process. Paper I & II applied SEM, EDS, XRD, and thermodynamic equilibrium modeling for bed material samples derived from an industrial indirect gasifier. Paper III applied thermodynamic equilibrium calcula-tions to theoretically evaluate ash compositions resulting from co-conversion of sewage sludge and agricultural residues. Paper IV & V employed SEM, EDS, ICP-AES/MS, XRD, and thermochemical modeling on ash samples derived from single pellet lab-scale experiments.The results obtained by analysis of bed material from indirect wood gasification showed the difference in interaction mechanism for K-feldspar and Na-feldspar, most notably the enhanced disintegration of Na-feldspar by K originating from the fuel (Paper I & II). Thermodynamic models employed for fuel mixtures of sewage sludge and agricultural residues showed the thermodynamic preference for the formation of the desired alkali-bearing phosphates (Paper III). Experi-ments conducted with these fuel mixtures (Paper IV & V) supported the theo-retical findings, and the influence of temperature and process conditions could be obtained. However, practical investigations also showed that attainment of the desired ash composition is subject to significant restrictions.Derived from the elaborated results and discussions, it was possible to assess the critical process and fuel parameters for the development of up-scaled gasification processes focusing on the conversion of sewage sludge with the aim of creating improved phosphate formation in the ash. The selection of a suitable bed material in fluidized bed conversion and the transformation mechanisms defining the ash chemistry were found to be of vital importance for future applications. The pur-suit of the predefined aims in reference to P-recovery from sewage sludge has led to a multitude of suggestions for suitable process parameters that must be ad-dressed in future bench- and pilot-scale experimental runs.
|
|
