| 1. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017 : Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 40:3, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all-cause and cause-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000-2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. Design and Methods. Alcohol-attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Results. In 2017, all-cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000-2017, absolute gender differences in all-cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. Discussion and Conclusions. The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
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| 2. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of GFR estimating equations combining standardized cystatin C and creatinine assays: a cross-sectional study in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 53:3, s. 403-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The recently established international cystatin C calibrator makes it possible to develop non-laboratory specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating (eGFR) equations. This study compares the performance of the arithmetic mean of the revised Lund-Malmo creatinine and CAPA cystatin C equations (MEAN(LM-REV+CAPA)), the arithmetic mean of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) creatinine and cystatin C equations (MEAN(CKD-EPI)), and the composite CKD-EPI equation (CKD-EPICREA+CYSC) with the corresponding single marker equations using internationally standardized calibrators for both cystatin C and creatinine. Methods: The study included 1200 examinations in 1112 adult Swedish patients referred for measurement of GFR (mGFR) 2008-2010 by plasma clearance of iohexol (median 51 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Bias, precision (interquartile range, IQR) and accuracy (percentage of estimates +/- 30% of mGFR; P-30) were compared. Results: Combined marker equations were unbiased and had higher precision and accuracy than single marker equations. Overall results of MEAN(LM-REV+CAPA)/MEAN(CKD-EPI)/CKD-EPICREA+CYSC were: median bias -2.2%/-0.5%/-1.6%, IQR 9.2/9.2/8.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and P-30 91.3%/91.0%/91.1%. The P-30 figures were about 7-14 -percentage points higher than the single marker equations. The combined equations also had a more stable performance across mGFR, age and BMI intervals, generally with P-30 >= 90% and never <80%. Combined equations reached P-30 of 95% when the difference between eGFR(CREA) and eGFR(CYSC) was <10% but decreased to 82% at a difference of >= 40%. Conclusions: Combining cystatin C and creatinine assays improves GFR estimations with P-30 >= 90% in adults. Reporting estimates of both single and combined marker equations in clinical settings makes it possible to assess the validity of the combined equation based on the agreement between the single marker equations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ekevad, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Drying shrinkage of sawn timber of Norway spruce (Picea abies) : industrial measurements and finite element simulations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 6:1, s. 41-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial measurements of green and dry cross-section dimensions were performed for 189 Norway spruce (Picea abies) centre-yield boards with dry dimensions 51x49 mm. Two, three or four boards were sawn from each log, depending on log size. Different approaches were used for simulations of cross-section shrinkage during drying. An analytical model, an elastic, an elastic mechanosorptive and an elastic plastic finite element simulation model were tested. Thickness and width shrinkage and deformation were simulated. Shrinkage results were compared with each other and with the experimental results. All simulation models gave roughly the same degree of agreement with experimental results except for the centre board from the three-board sawing pattern. For the other boards, the analytical model was not generally better or worse than the results from the finite element models. Shrinkage deformations in finite element models that included mechanosorption or plasticity were nearly the same as for the elastic finite element model except for the centre board of the three-board sawing pattern. The mechanosorptive model was the best model for the shrinkage of the centre board of this sawing pattern except for mid-thickness shrinkage. Comparison between the different finite element simulation models of stresses in the centre board revealed large differences.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Flodin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Dade Behring N Latex Cystatin C reagent on Abbott ci8200
- 2006
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 111:2, s. 209-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma cystatin C has been shown in several studies to be superior to plasma creatinine for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Reporting cystatin C results in mL/min using conversion formulas for transforming cystatin C expressed as mg/L to GFR expressed as mL/min has greatly facilitated the clinical use of the marker. At our hospital we have an increasing demand for cystatin C and at present we perform over 1,400 cystatin C analyses a month. The test is available at all hours. This in combination with the volume emphasises the need to have the assay close to the routine chemistry instrument to reduce handling time per test and time to report test results. We have thus evaluated the Dade Behring N Latex Cystatin C assay (Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA) on Architect 68200 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). The nephelometric method on the ProSpec (Dade Behring) and the turbidimetric method on Architect 68200 showed very good agreement (y = 1.0072x + 0.0042; R-2 = 0.987). Accordingly, running the cystatin C analyses on a chemistry instrument (Architect 68200) would be proper to increase the availability of the analysis and reduce turnaround times.
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| 7. |
- Flodin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Gentian cystatin C reagent on Abbott Ci8200 and calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min/1.73 m(2) from the cystatin C values in mg/L
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 67:5, s. 560-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential when evaluating patients with kidney disease and treating patients with drugs eliminated from the circulation by the kidneys. Cystatin C has been shown in several studies to be superior to creatinine in the estimation of GFR. At our hospitals, there is an increasing demand for cystatin C and at present we perform approximately 1500 cystatin C analyses a month. We thus need the assay available 24 h/day and to have it on our routine chemistry instrument to minimize handling time per test and time to reported test results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have evaluated a new cystatin C immunoassay from Gentian (Gentian, Moss, Norway) on Architect ci8200 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill., USA). A prerequisite at our hospital is that cystatin C results are reported as a calculated GFR in mL/min/1.73 m(2), so we also made a comparison with iohexol clearance. RESULTS: The Gentian cystatin C assay showed good agreement with the corresponding assay from Dade Behring (Deerfield, Ill., USA) and good inter-laboratory concordance. The assay has very low total imprecision, good linearity and strong correlation with iohexol clearance (R (2) = 0.956). The equation for the correlation curve is: y = 79.901x(-1.4389). CONCLUSIONS: There was low inter-laboratory variation between the three laboratories involved in the cystatin C evaluation, and thus all three laboratories can use the same equation for calculating the estimated GFR.
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| 8. |
- Flodin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of a particle-enhanced turbidimetric cystatin C assay on the Abbott ci8200 analyzer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-9120 .- 1873-2933. ; 42:9, s. 873-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is widely accepted as the best overall measure of kidney function. Cystatin C is a novel endogenous GFR marker that has been shown to be superior to creatinine for estimation of GFR in several studies. There is a need for cystatin C assays adapted to routine chemistry instrument to minimize turnaround times and allowing 24 h/day availability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have evaluated a new cystatin C assay developed for Architect cSystem (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). RESULTS: The cystatin C assay showed good agreement with the corresponding assay from Dade Behring (Deerfield, IL, USA). The assay has a very low total imprecision and a good linearity. CONCLUSIONS: The new cystatin C assay is an interesting alternative to current cystatin C assays. On an Architect cSystem the assay can be performed with the same turnaround times and availability as creatinine.
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| 9. |
- Flodin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in assay protocol for the Dako cystatin C method may change patient results by 50% without changing the results for controls
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 44:12, s. 1481-1485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cystatin C is increasingly used as a glomerular filtration marker, but so far only a few companies produce most of the cystatin C reagents suited for turbidimetry or nephelometry use in clinical laboratories. Methods: We studied different protocols for measuring cystatin C on an Architect ci8200 system using cystatin C reagents from Dako (Glostrup, Denmark). The results were compared with those obtained with Dade Behring reagents (Deerfield, IL, USA) on a BN ProSpec system. Results: Differences in assay protocol on the same instrument with the Dako reagent yielded an up to 50% difference in glomerular filtration rate calculated from the cystatin C results when analyzing patient samples, but had no effect on the results for controls. There were also significant differences regarding linearity and kinetics between samples and controls/calibrators. Conclusions: The results indicate different reactivity of the Dako antibodies against calibrators and controls in comparison with patient samples, highlighting the importance of using controls and calibrators that do not differ from patient samples.
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| 10. |
- Fornander, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Airway symptoms and biological markers in nasal lavage fluid in subjects exposed to metalworking fluids
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:12, s. e83089-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDS: Occurrence of airway irritation among industrial metal workers was investigated. The aims were to study the association between exposures from water-based metal working fluids (MWF) and the health outcome among the personnel, to assess potential effects on the proteome in nasal mucous membranes, and evaluate preventive actions.METHODS: The prevalence of airway symptoms related to work were examined among 271 metalworkers exposed to MWF and 24 metal workers not exposed to MWF at the same factory. At the same time, air levels of potentially harmful substances (oil mist, morpholine, monoethanolamine, formaldehyde) generated from MWF was measured. Nasal lavage fluid was collected from 13 workers and 15 controls and protein profiles were determined by a proteomic approach.RESULTS: Airway symptoms were reported in 39% of the workers exposed to MWF although the measured levels of MWF substances in the work place air were low. Highest prevalence was found among workers handling the MWF machines but also those working in the same hall were affected. Improvement of the ventilation to reduce MWF exposure lowered the prevalence of airway problems. Protein profiling showed significantly higher levels of S100-A9 and lower levels of SPLUNC1, cystatin SN, Ig J and β2-microglobulin among workers with airway symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that upper airway symptoms among metal workers are a common problem and despite low levels of MWF-generated substances, effects on airway immune proteins are found. Further studies to clarify the role of specific MWF components in connection to airway inflammation and the identified biological markers are warranted.
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