| 1. |
- Linder, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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The New Neck Design for the Rear-End Impact Dummy, BioRID I
- 1998
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Ingår i: Annual Proceedings. - : Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. ; , s. 172-192
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new mechanical neck was developed for a new dummy possessing a complete articulated spine, for low speed rear-end collisions. The new neck consists of seven cervical elements connected by hinge joints. The neck stiffness properties were created by rubber blocks between each pair of vertebrae in combination with simulated muscle elements between the head and T1. The neck was validated against volunteer tests (Δv of 7 km/h) results. Both displacement and acceleration of the head relative to the upper torso for both duration and peak values, were in agreement with the volunteer data.
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| 2. |
- Davidsson, Johan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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BioRID P3 – Design and Performance Compared to Hybrid III and Volunteers in Rear Impacts at ΔV=7 km/h
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the 43rd STAPP Car Crash Conference, San Diego, USA. ; :SAE paper no. 99SC16, s. 253-265
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several investigators have noted limitations of the most commonly used dummy in rear impact testing, the Hybrid III. A dummy for rear impact testing, the BioRID I, has previously been presented. It was a step towards an effective tool for seat performance testing, but it was concluded that its neck extension and T1 upward motion were too small and that its user-friendliness could be improved.A new BioRID prototype has been developed. It has new neck muscle substitutes with damping and elastic elements that are independent of each other and fitted inside the torso. The new neck muscle substitutes extend to T3 and thus also load the upper thoracic spine. The new dummy has a softer thoracic spine and a torso made of softer rubber than was used for the original dummy. The BioRID prototype's performance was compared to that of volunteers, the BioRID I and Hybrid III in rear impacts at V=7 km/h. The kinematics response of the new BioRID prototype appears to be more human-like than that of the BioRID I and Hybrid III. The dummy also provides repeatable test results and is more user-friendly than the BioRID I.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Linder, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Design and validation of the neck for a rear impact dummy (BioRID I)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 3:2, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the protective performance of seats and head restraints, occupant models able to mimic the motion of a human in a crash are needed. Hence, a new mechanical dummy neck for low-velocity rear collision tests was developed. The dummy neck consists of seven cervical elements connected by pin joints. The stiffness properties of the neck were represented by rubber blocks mounted between each pair of vertebrae, as well as by muscle substitutes between the head and the first thoracic vertebra (T1). The muscle substitutes consist of cables connected to a unit containing springs and a damper. The neck was validated against volunteer test data (Δv of 7 km/h) and compared with the kinematics of the Hybrid III dummy. The new neck was tested as a part of a new dummy (BioRID) that produced a human-like motion of the T1. The kinematics of the new neck was within the corridor of the volunteers, during the major part of the first 250 ms of the crash event, for both displacement of the head relative to T1 and for the acceleration of the head. This applies to both duration and peak values. When compared with the new neck, the Hybrid III showed an earlier decrease of the horizontal acceleration of the head, less maximum horizontal displacement, and an earlier increase of the rearward angular displacement of the head relative to T1.
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