| 1. |
- Delwar, Zahid M., et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxic effect of menadione and sodium orthovanadate in combination on human glioma cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Investigational New Drugs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6997 .- 1573-0646. ; 30:4, s. 1302-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor, and their treatment is still a challenge. Here, we evaluated the antiproliferative effect of a novel combination of two potent oxidative stress enhancers: menadione (M) and sodium orthovanadate (SO). We observed both short-term and prolonged growth inhibitory effects of M or SO alone as well as in combination (M:SO) on DBTRG.05MG human glioma cells. A stronger antiproliferative effect was observed in the short-term proliferation assay with the M:SO combination compared to either investigated agent alone. In the long-term proliferation assay, a 10-day exposure to M:SO at concentrations of 10 mu M:17.5 mu M or 17.5 mu M:10 mu M was enough to kill 100% of the cells; no cell regrowth was observed after re-incubation in drug-free media. When used in combination, the single concentration of M and SO could be decreased by 2.5- to 5-fold of those used for each experimental drug alone and still obtain a similar antiproliferative effect. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated by co-incubating M:SO with dithiothreitol (DTT) and genistein. Both substances partially neutralized the effects of the M:SO combination, showing additive effects. This observation suggests a role of oxidative stress and tyrosine kinase stimulation in the M:SO cytotoxic effect. Our results indicate that M:SO combination is an attractive alternative for glioma treatment that encourages further study. The neutralizing effects of genistein and DTT reveal a possibility for their use in the minimization of potential M:SO systemic toxicity.
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| 2. |
- Follin, Elna, et al.
(författare)
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In silico peptide-binding predictions of passerine MHC class I reveal similarities across distantly related species, suggesting convergence on the level of protein function.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Immunogenetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1211 .- 0093-7711. ; 65:4, s. 299-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic genes found in the vertebrate genome, and they encode proteins that play an essential role in the adaptive immune response. Many songbirds (passerines) have been shown to have a large number of transcribed MHC class I genes compared to most mammals. To elucidate the reason for this large number of genes, we compared 14 MHC class I alleles (α1-α3 domains), from great reed warbler, house sparrow and tree sparrow, via phylogenetic analysis, homology modelling and in silico peptide-binding predictions to investigate their functional and genetic relationships. We found more pronounced clustering of the MHC class I allomorphs (allele specific proteins) in regards to their function (peptide-binding specificities) compared to their genetic relationships (amino acid sequences), indicating that the high number of alleles is of functional significance. The MHC class I allomorphs from house sparrow and tree sparrow, species that diverged 10 million years ago (MYA), had overlapping peptide-binding specificities, and these similarities across species were also confirmed in phylogenetic analyses based on amino acid sequences. Notably, there were also overlapping peptide-binding specificities in the allomorphs from house sparrow and great reed warbler, although these species diverged 30 MYA. This overlap was not found in a tree based on amino acid sequences. Our interpretation is that convergent evolution on the level of the protein function, possibly driven by selection from shared pathogens, has resulted in allomorphs with similar peptide-binding repertoires, although trans-species evolution in combination with gene conversion cannot be ruled out.
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| 3. |
- Follin, Elna
(författare)
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MHC class I - Peptide binding and complex stability
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) genes are highly polymorphic and the proteins that they encode play a crucial role in both the innate and the adaptive immune response. A MHC-I molecule consists of three parts, one polymorphic heavy chain, one invariant light chain, β2-microglobulin and a peptide of usually between 8-11 amino acids in length. The maturation and quality control of MHC-I takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and involves several different proteins including the MHC-I dedicated protein tapasin. In this thesis we have studied different parameters important for MHC-I formation and stability in humans and birds. We have used various approaches including in silico prediction methods, biochemical assays and cellular assays to elucidate the MHC-I maturation. We show that the functional relationships between MHC-I molecules in passerine birds of different species are based on the MHC-I characteristics such as peptide-binding specificity rather than species characteristics. In addition, passerine MHC-I molecules similar to human MHC-I molecules, have a complex dissociation. This suggests that just as in humans, passerine MHC-I molecules go through different maturation stages that most likely include interaction with quality control proteins such as tapasin. The cell surface expression of stable MHC-I molecules is crucial for the function of the adaptive immune response and for this reason MHC-I and its related proteins are often a target for viral and tumour evasion strategies. In human cells we show that tapasin promotes the formation of stable cell surface expressed MHC-I molecules and that the dependency on tapasin for a stable cell surface expression varies between different allomorphs (allele specific protein products). The dysregulation of tapasin results in alterations in the peptide repertoire that is presented by MHC-I at the cell surface and most often this induces a decreased stability of the expressed molecules. We here show that by adding certain peptides exogenously to cells deficient in tapasin we were able to increase MHC-I cell surface stability significantly suggesting that exogenous modulations of tapasin deficient cells might be a possible approach in immunotherapy. The formation of aberrant conformations of HLA-B*27:05 has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and here we showed that tapasin has a preventive effect on the formation and presentation of aberrant conformations of HLA-B*27:05 at the cell surface. In conclusion we show that the complex kinetics of MHC-I maturation and stability is a trait shared between birds and humans and we suggest that by studying MHC-I in other species than human we can gain valuable insight into the complex world of MHC-I.
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| 4. |
- Røder, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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MHC Class I Quality Control
- 2012
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Ingår i: Histocompatibility. - 9789535105893
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Thuring, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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HLA class I is most tightly linked to levels of tapasin compared with other antigen-processing proteins in glioblastoma
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 113:6, s. 952-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumour cells can evade the immune system by dysregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA-I). Low quantity and/or altered quality of HLA-I cell surface expression is the result of either HLA-I alterations or dysregulations of proteins of the antigen-processing machinery (APM). Tapasin is an APM protein dedicated to the maturation of HLA-I and dysregulation of tapasin has been linked to higher malignancy in several different tumours.
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