| 1. |
- Andersen, Anders J., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of salmon calcitonin in spray-dried powder for inhalation : effect of formulation and process variables
- 2006
-
Ingår i: 2006 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition. - : American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To characterize physicochemical properties of salmon calcitonin in spray-dried powder for inhalation and understand the interplay between stability, formulation and process parametersSalmon calcitonin (sCT) was spray-dried together with mannitol and chitosan that acts as stabiliser and absorption enhancer, respectively. Two process variables, i.e. inlet temperature and atomizing air volumetric flow rate, were investigated. Solid state properties of the spray-dried powders were characterized using SEM, TGA, XRPD and DSC. The physicochemical stability of salmon calcitonin in the dry powder was investigated by FTIR, HPLC and LC-MS techniques.A high yield of up to 80 % spray-dried powder was obtained with an improved cyclone assembled with B-290 Mini Spray Drier. Nevertheless, the yield was markedly reduced when addition of chitosan exceeded a certain proportion in spray drying formulation. XRPD and DSC results indicated that crystallinity of mannitol was inhibited with an increase of chitosan in the formulation. Residual moisture levels in the spray dried powders were 1-2%. As indicated by FTIR analysis, sCT retained its structural integrity under the spray drying conditions studied, i.e. 100-180 ºC inlet temperature and 357-742 L/h atomizing air volumetric flow rate. Addition of mannitol and chitosan in the spray drying formulation did not improve stabilization of sCT, in which around 7 % degraded impurities were found at a condition of 180 ºC inlet temperature. Yet no obvious degraded impurities were found in plain sCT spray-dried powder under the conditions studied. The LC-MS analysis showed that oxidation was the main degradation pathway at high inlet temperature. Other minor impurities originated from deamidation of Asn26, N-O acyl migration on Ser29 and dimerization by cross-linkage of the disulfide bonds. Two fragments, i.e. H-(Cys1-Gly28)-OH and H-(Ser29-Pro32)-NH2, could also be found when the degraded ester bond between Gly28 and Ser29 was further hydrolysed in phosphate buffer.Salmon calcitonin can be spray-dried into dry powders with good physical integrity under certain conditions. Chemical stability of sCT in spray-dried powder could be improved by the optimization of formulation and process variables.
|
|
| 2. |
- Borggren, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Neutralizing Antibody Response and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV-1-Infected Individuals from Guinea-Bissau and Denmark
- 2016
-
Ingår i: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0889-2229 .- 1931-8405. ; 32:5, s. 434-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of therapeutic and prophylactic HIV vaccines for African countries is urgently needed, but the question of what immunogens to use needs to be answered. One approach is to include HIV envelope immunogens derived from HIV-positive individuals from a geographically concentrated epidemic with more limited viral genetic diversity for a region-based vaccine. To address if there is a basis for a regional selected antibody vaccine, we have screened two regionally separate cohorts from Guinea-Bissau and Denmark for neutralizing antibody activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against local and nonlocal circulating HIV-1 strains. The neutralizing activity did not demonstrate higher potential against local circulating strains according to geography and subtype determination, but the plasma from Danish individuals demonstrated significantly higher inhibitory activity than that from Guinea-Bissau individuals against both local and nonlocal virus strains. Interestingly, an opposite pattern was observed with ADCC activity, where Guinea-Bissau individual plasma demonstrated higher activity than Danish plasma and was specifically against the local circulating subtype. Thus, on basis of samples from these two cohorts, no local-specific neutralizing activity was detected, but a local ADCC response was identified in the Guinea-Bissau samples, suggesting potential use of regional immunogens for an ADCC-inducing vaccine.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Heyndrickx, Leo, et al.
(författare)
-
Selected HIV-1 Env Trimeric Formulations Act as Potent Immunogens in a Rabbit Vaccination Model
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ten to 30% of HIV-1 infected subjects develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) during chronic infection. We hypothesized that immunizing rabbits with viral envelope glycoproteins (Envs) from these patients may induce bNAbs, when formulated as a trimeric protein and in the presence of an adjuvant. Methods: Based on in vitro neutralizing activity in serum, patients with bNAbs were selected for cloning of their HIV-1 Env. Seven stable soluble trimeric gp140 proteins were generated from sequences derived from four adults and two children infected with either clade A or B HIV-1. From one of the clade A Envs both the monomeric and trimeric Env were produced for comparison. Rabbits were immunized with soluble gp120 or trimeric gp140 proteins in combination with the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium/trehalose dibehenate (CAF01). Env binding in rabbit immune serum was determined using ELISAs based on gp120-IIIB protein. Neutralizing activity of IgG purified from rabbit immune sera was measured with the pseudovirus-TZMbl assay and a PBMC-based neutralization assay for selected experiments. Results: It was initially established that gp140 trimers induce better antibody responses over gp120 monomers and that the adjuvant CAF01 was necessary for such strong responses. Gp140 trimers, based on HIV-1 variants from patients with bNAbs, were able to elicit both gp120(IIIB) specific IgG and NAbs to Tier 1 viruses of different subtypes. Potency of NAbs closely correlated with titers, and an gp120-binding IgG titer above a threshold of 100,000 was predictive of neutralization capability. Finally, peptide inhibition experiments showed that a large fraction of the neutralizing IgG was directed against the gp120 V3 region. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the strategy of reverse immunology based on selected Env sequences is promising when immunogens are delivered as stabilized trimers in CAF01 adjuvant and that the rabbit is a valuable model for HIV vaccine studies.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rosenstierne, Maiken W., et al.
(författare)
-
The Microbial Detection Array for Detection of Emerging Viruses in Clinical Samples - A Useful Panmicrobial Diagnostic Tool
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e0100813-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging viruses are usually endemic to tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, but increased global travel, climate change and changes in lifestyle are believed to contribute to the spread of these viruses into new regions. Many of these viruses cause similar disease symptoms as other emerging viruses or common infections, making these unexpected pathogens difficult to diagnose. Broad-spectrum pathogen detection microarrays containing probes for all sequenced viruses and bacteria can provide rapid identification of viruses, guiding decisions about treatment and appropriate case management. We report a modified Whole Transcriptome Amplification (WTA) method that increases unbiased amplification, particular of RNA viruses. Using this modified WTA method, we tested the specificity and sensitivity of the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA) against a wide range of emerging viruses present in both non-clinical and clinical samples using two different microarray data analysis methods.
|
|
| 6. |
- Uchtenhagen, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Boosting of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Responses by a Distally Related Retroviral Envelope Protein.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 1550-6606 .- 0022-1767. ; 192:12, s. 5802-5812
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of the binding sites for neutralizing Abs (NAb) that recognize a broad range of HIV-1 strains (bNAb) has substantially increased in recent years. However, gaps remain in our understanding of how to focus B cell responses to vulnerable conserved sites within the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). In this article, we report an immunization strategy composed of a trivalent HIV-1 (clade B envs) DNA prime, followed by a SIVmac239 gp140 Env protein boost that aimed to focus the immune response to structurally conserved parts of the HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Envs. Heterologous NAb titers, primarily to tier 1 HIV-1 isolates, elicited during the trivalent HIV-1 env prime, were significantly increased by the SIVmac239 gp140 protein boost in rabbits. Epitope mapping of Ab-binding reactivity revealed preferential recognition of the C1, C2, V2, V3, and V5 regions. These results provide a proof of concept that a distally related retroviral SIV Env protein boost can increase pre-existing NAb responses against HIV-1.
|
|
| 7. |
- Vinner, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence analysis of HIV-1 isolates from Guinea-Bissau: selection of vaccine epitopes relevant in both West African and European countries.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0463. ; 119:8, s. 487-497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For a CD8 epitope-based vaccine to match different geographic locations, the targeted epitopes for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) must be present in the local circulating HIV-1 strains. Secondly, the vaccine epitopes should match the host population HLA types. We characterized two new HIV-1 isolates from Guinea-Bissau. Also, we have identified 15 subdominant CD8 epitopes representing common HLA super-types theoretically covering most HLA alleles in any population. Herein we demonstrate that the selected vaccine epitopes are well conserved and simultaneously present in sequences from West Africa and Denmark. Use of the selected epitopes will likely ensure 10 immune targets in the majority of candidates for experimental therapeutic vaccination in both geographic regions. Our results warrant testing of the selected vaccine epitopes in both geographic locations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Visciano, Maria Luisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of humoral responses to soluble trimeric HIV gp140 from a clade A Ugandan field isolate
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 11:165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trimeric soluble forms of HIV gp140 envelope glycoproteins represent one of the closest molecular structures compared to native spikes present on intact virus particles. Trimeric soluble gp140 have been generated by several groups and such molecules have been shown to induce antibodies with neutralizing activity against homologous and heterologous viruses. In the present study, we generated a recombinant trimeric soluble gp140, derived from a previously identified Ugandan A-clade HIV field isolate (gp140(94UG018)). Antibodies elicited in immunized rabbits show a broad binding pattern to HIV envelopes of different clades. An epitope mapping analysis reveals that, on average, the binding is mostly focused on the C1, C2, V3, V5 and C5 regions. Immune sera show neutralization activity to Tier 1 isolates of different clades, demonstrating cross clade neutralizing activity which needs to be further broadened by possible structural modifications of the clade A gp140(94UG018). Our results provide a rationale for the design and evaluation of immunogens and the clade A gp140(94UG018) shows promising characteristics for potential involvement in an effective HIV vaccine with broad activity.
|
|
