| 1. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth and educational disadvantage : heterogeneous effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Routledge. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 77:3, s. 459-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in advanced economies, evidence about the consequences of prematurity in later life is limited. Using Swedish registers for cohorts born 1982–94 (N = 1,087,750), we examine the effects of preterm birth on school grades at age 16 using sibling fixed effects models. We further examine how school grades are affected by degree of prematurity and the compensating roles of family socio-economic resources and characteristics of school districts. Our results show that the negative effects of preterm birth are observed mostly among children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks); children born moderately preterm (32–<37 weeks) suffer no ill effects. We do not find any evidence for a moderating effect of parental socio-economic resources. Children born extremely preterm and in the top decile of school districts achieve as good grades as children born at full term in an average school district.
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| 2. |
- Font, Joan, et al.
(författare)
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DETECTION OF INFALLING HYDROGEN IN TRANSFER BETWEEN THE INTERACTING GALAXIES NGC 5426 AND NGC 5427
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters. - 2041-8205. ; 740:1, s. L1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using velocity tagging we have detected hydrogen from NGC 5426 falling onto its interacting partner NGC 5427. Our observations, with the GHaFaS Fabry-Perot spectrometer, produced maps of the two galaxies in H alpha surface brightness and radial velocity. We found emission with the range of velocities associated with NGC 5426 along lines of sight apparently emanating from NGC 5427, superposed on the velocity map of the latter. After excluding instrumental effects we assign the anomalous emission to gas pulled from NGC 5426 during its passage close to NGC 5427. Its distribution, more intense between the arms and just outside the disk of NGC 5427, and weak, or absent, in the arms, suggests that the infalling gas is behind the disk, ionized by Lyman continuum photons escaping from NGC 5427. Modeling this, we estimate the distances of these gas clouds behind the plane: a few hundred parsecs to a few kiloparsecs. We also estimate the mass of the infalling (ionized plus neutral) gas, finding an infall rate of 10 M(circle dot) per year, consistent with the high measured star formation rate across the disk of NGC 5427 and with the detected circumnuclear galactic wind.
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| 3. |
- Font, Joan, et al.
(författare)
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RESONANT STRUCTURE IN THE DISKS OF SPIRAL GALAXIES, USING PHASE REVERSALS IN STREAMING MOTIONS FROM TWO-DIMENSIONAL H alpha FABRY-PEROT SPECTROSCOPY
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205. ; 741:1, s. L14-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this Letter, we introduce a technique for finding resonance radii in a disk galaxy. We use a two-dimensional velocity field in H alpha emission obtained with Fabry-Perot interferometry, derive the classical rotation curve, and subtract it off, leaving a residual velocity map. As the streaming motions should reverse sign at corotation, we detect these reversals and plot them in a histogram against galactocentric radius, excluding points where the amplitude of the reversal is smaller than the measurement uncertainty. The histograms show well-defined peaks which we assume to occur at resonance radii, identifying corotations as the most prominent peaks corresponding to the relevant morphological features of the galaxy (notably bars and spiral arm systems). We compare our results with published measurements on the same galaxies using other methods and different types of data.
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| 4. |
- Font, Joan, et al.
(författare)
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The ratio of pattern speeds in double-barred galaxies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966 .- 1745-3933 .- 1745-3925. ; 444:1, s. l85-L89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have obtained two-dimensional velocity fields in the ionized gas of a set of eight double-barred galaxies, at high spatial and spectral resolution, using their H alpha emission fields measured with a scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometer. Using the technique by which phase reversals in the non-circular motion indicate a radius of corotation, taking advantage of the high angular and velocity resolution, we have obtained the corotation radii and the pattern speeds of both the major bar and the small central bar in each of the galaxies; there are few such measurements in the literature. Our results show that the inner bar rotates more rapidly than the outer bar by a factor between 3.3 and 3.6.
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| 5. |
- Lertratanakul, Apinya, et al.
(författare)
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Data From a Large International Inception Cohort
- 2014
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Ingår i: Arthritis Care and Research. - : Wiley. - 2151-4658 .- 2151-464X. ; 66:8, s. 1167-1176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. An association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[ OH] D; vitamin D) deficiency and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV disease (CVD) has been shown in general population studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been noted in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. The objectives of this study were to estimate the associations of 25(OH) D levels with CV risk factors and to determine whether low baseline 25(OH) D levels predict future CV events in patients participating in an international inception cohort. Methods. Data were collected on 890 participants, including demographics, SLE activity and damage assessments, CV risk factors and events, medications, laboratory assessments of 25(OH) D levels, and inflammatory markers. Multiple logistic and Cox regressions were used to estimate the associations of baseline 25(OH) D levels with baseline CV risk factors and CVD events. The models were adjusted for age, sex, race, season, and country, with and without body mass index. Results. Patients in the higher quartiles of 25(OH) D were less likely to have hypertension and hyperlipidemia and were more likely to have lower C-reactive protein levels and lower Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 scores at baseline when compared with the first quartile. Vitamin D levels were not independently associated with CVD event incidence; however, hazard ratios for CVD event incidence decreased with successively higher quartiles. Conclusion. Lower baseline 25(OH) D levels are associated with higher risk for CV risk factors and more active SLE at baseline. There may be a trend toward a lower likelihood of CVD events in those with higher baseline 25(OH) D levels.
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| 6. |
- López-Cano, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Remote local photoactivation of morphine produces analgesia without opioid-related adverse effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 180:7, s. 958-974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: Opioid-based drugs are the gold standard medicines for pain relief. However, tolerance and several side effects (i.e. constipation and dependence) may occur upon chronic opioid administration. Photopharmacology is a promising approach to improve the benefit/risk profiles of these drugs. Thus, opioids can be locally activated with high spatiotemporal resolution, potentially minimizing systemic-mediated adverse effects. Here, we aimed at developing a morphine photo-derivative (photocaged morphine), which can be activated upon light irradiation both in vitro and in vivo.Experimental Approach: Light-dependent activity of pc-morphine was assessed in cell-based assays (intracellular calcium accumulation and electrophysiology) and in mice (formalin animal model of pain). In addition, tolerance, constipation and dependence were investigated in vivo using experimental paradigms.Key results: In mice, pc-morphine was able to elicit antinociceptive effects, both using external light-irradiation (hind paw) and spinal cord implanted fibre-optics. In addition, remote morphine photoactivation was devoid of common systemic opioid-related undesired effects, namely, constipation, tolerance to the analgesic effects, rewarding effects and naloxone-induced withdrawal.Conclusion and Implications: Light-dependent opioid-based drugs may allow effective analgesia without the occurrence of tolerance or the associated and severe opioid-related undesired effects.
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| 7. |
- Petri, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic lupus international collaborating clinics renal activity/response exercise - Development of a renal activity score and renal response index
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 58:6, s. 1784-1788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To develop a measure of renal activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and use it to develop a renal response index. Methods. Abstracted data from the medical records of 215 patients with lupus nephritis were sent to 8 nephrologists and 29 rheumatologists for rating. Seven nephrologists and 22 rheumatologists completed the ratings. Each physician rated each patient visit with respect to renal disease activity (none, mild, moderate, or severe). Using the most commonly selected rating for each patient as the gold standard, stepwise regression modeling was performed to identify the variables most related to renal disease activity, and these variables were then used to create an activity score. This activity score could then be applied to 2 consecutive visits to define a renal response index. Results. The renal activity score was computed as follows: proteinuria 0.5-1 gm/day (3 points), proteinuria >1-3 gm/day (5 points), proteinuria >3 gm/day (11 points), urine red blood cell count > 10/high-power field (3 points), and urine white blood cell count >10/high-power field (I point). The chance-adjusted agreement between the renal response index derived from the activity score applied to the paired visits and the plurality physician response rating was 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.59-0.79). Conclusion. Ratings derived from this index for rating of renal response showed reasonable agreement with physician ratings in a pilot study. The index will require further refinement, testing, and validation. A data-driven approach to create renal activity and renal response indices will be useful in both clinical care and research settings.
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| 8. |
- Piñol-Ferrer, Nuria, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Bar pattern speed and position of the circumnuclear ringin NGC 1097
- 2014
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 438:2, s. 971-982
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first galactic-scale model of the gas dynamics of the prototype barred Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 1097. We use large scale FaNTOmM Fabry-Perot interfer-ometric data covering the entire galactic disc and combined the distribution andkinematics maps with high resolution two-dimensional spectroscopy from the Gemini telescope. We build a dynamical model for the gravitational potential by applying the analytic solution to the equations of motion, with in the epicyclic approximation. Our model reproduces all the significant kinematic and structural signatures of thisgalaxy. We find that the primary bar is 7.9±0.6 kpc long and has a pattern speedof 36 ± 2 km s−1 kpc−1. This places the corotation radius at 8.6±0.5 kpc, the outer Lindblad resonance at 14.9±0.9 kpc and two inner Lindblad resonances at 60±5 pcand 2.9±0.1 kpc. These derivations lead to a ratio of the corotation radius over barlength of 1.0–1.2, which is in concordance with simulations of barred galaxies. Our model presents evidence that the circumnuclear ring in this galaxy is not located near any of the resonance radii in this galaxy. The ring might have once formed at the outer inner Lindblad resonance radius, and it has been migrating inward, toward the centre of the galactic gravitational potential.
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| 9. |
- Sebastianutto, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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D1-mGlu5 heteromers mediate noncanonical dopamine signaling in Parkinson’s disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 130:3, s. 1168-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dopamine receptor D1 modulates glutamatergic transmission in cortico-basal ganglia circuits and represents a major target of L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Here we show that D1 and metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptors can form previously unknown heteromeric entities with distinctive functional properties. Interacting with Gq proteins, cell-surface D1-mGlu5 heteromers exacerbated PLC signaling and intracellular calcium release in response to either glutamate or dopamine. In rodent models of Parkinson’s disease, D1-mGlu5 nanocomplexes were strongly upregulated in the dopamine-denervated striatum, resulting in a synergistic activation of PLC signaling by D1 and mGlu5 receptor agonists. In turn, D1-mGlu5–dependent PLC signaling was causally linked with excessive activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinases in striatal neurons, leading to dyskinesia in animals treated with L-DOPA or D1 receptor agonists. The discovery of D1-mGlu5 functional heteromers mediating maladaptive molecular and motor responses in the dopamine-denervated striatum may prompt the development of new therapeutic principles for Parkinson’s disease.
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| 10. |
- Zaragoza-Cardiel, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative internal kinematics of the H II regions in interacting and isolated galaxies : implications for massive star formation modes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 451:2, s. 1307-1330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have observed 12 interacting galaxy pairs using the Fabry-Perot interferometer GH alpha FaS (Galaxy H alpha Fabry-Perot system) on the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma. We present here the H alpha surface brightness, velocity and velocity dispersion maps for the 10 systems we have not previously observed using this technique, as well as the physical properties (sizes, H alpha luminosities and velocity dispersion) of 1259 H II regions from the full sample. We also derive the physical properties of 1054 H II regions in a sample of 28 isolated galaxies observed with the same instrument in order to compare the two populations of H II regions. We find a population of the brightest H II regions for which the scaling relations, for example the relation between the H alpha luminosity and the radius, are clearly distinct from the relations for the regions of lower luminosity. The regions in this bright population are more frequent in the interacting galaxies. We find that the turbulence, and also the star formation rate (SFR), are enhanced in the H II regions in the interacting galaxies. We have also extracted the H alpha equivalent widths for the H II regions of both samples, and we have found that the distribution of H II region ages coincides for the two samples of galaxies. We suggest that the SFR enhancement is brought about by gas flows induced by the interactions, which give rise to gravitationally bound gas clouds which grow further by accretion from the flowing gas, producing conditions favourable to star formation.
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