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| 2. |
- Dürr, João, et al.
(author)
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Interbull survey on sequencing of cattle
- 2011
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In: Bulletin / International Bull Evaluation Service. - 1011-6079. ; 44, s. xviii-xxii
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Forabosco, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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An algorithm for the identification of genetically modified animals
- 2013
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In: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 31, s. 272-274
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The diffusion of genetically modified (GM) animals has generated a demand for accurate and unique identification to assure compliance with relevant national and international legislation. Individual identification of GM animals is essential to improve safety and traceability, as well as to fulfill the present and future expectations of producers, consumers, and authorities.
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| 4. |
- Forabosco, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of the value of international genetic evaluations for yield in predicting domestic breeding values for foreign Holstein bulls
- 2011
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In: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 94, s. 2601-2612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- International genetic evaluations are a valuable source of information for decisions about the importation of (the semen of) foreign bulls. This study analyzed data from 6 countries (Australia, Canada, Italy, France, the Netherlands, and the United States) and compared international evaluations for production traits of foreign bulls (i.e., when no national daughter information was available) to their national breeding values in August 2009, which were based only on domestic daughters' data. A total of 821 bulls with highly reliable estimated breeding values (EBV) for milk, fat, and protein yield were analyzed. No evidence of systematic over- or underestimation was found in most of the countries analyzed. Observed correlations between national and international evaluations were close to 0.9 and, for most countries, generally close to their expected values (calculated from national and international EBV reliabilities). In Italy, however, higher differences between observed and expected correlations and significant mean differences between EBV for more than one trait were observed in bulls progeny-tested in the United States and in other European countries (with differences up to 33.1% of the genetic standard deviation). These results were probably induced by a relatively recent change in the model for national evaluation. The findings in this study reflect a conservative estimate of the real value of international evaluations, as changes in methodologies in either the national or the international evaluations decreased the ability of past international evaluations to predict current national evaluations. Nevertheless, our results indicate that international evaluations based on foreign information for Holstein bulls were reasonably accurate predictors of the future national breeding values based only upon domestic daughters.
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| 6. |
- Forabosco, Flavio
(author)
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Cluster analysis on across country genetic correlations for conformation traits in Holstein cattle breed
- 2011
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In: Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. - 1331-7768 .- 1331-7776. ; 76, s. 267-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Th e aim of this paper is to investigate across country genetic correlations of conformation traits of 21 Holstein bull populations, using cluster analysis. Data consisted of across country genetic correlations of 18 conformation traits estimated by Interbull for the April 2011 routine genetic evaluation. For cluster analysis, the distance measure (dij) between countries i and j was calculated as dij=1-rG2 ij, where rGij is the genetic correlation between countries i and j. Traits showed diff erent mean distances with the lowest value for udder depth (0.062) and the highest for locomotion (0.441). For traits with similar defi nition further investigation is needed to understand diff erences within cluster. Also, more attention needs to be paid to countries that defi ne or record traits diff erently from what is suggested by World Holstein Friesian Federation.
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| 7. |
- Forabosco, Flavio
(author)
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Cluster analysis on across country genetic correlations for overall traits and body condition score in Holstein bulls
- 2013
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 151, s. 108-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study is to examine the progress in trait harmonization among member countries participating in the International Bull Evaluation Service Organization (Interbull) for overall conformation score (OCS), overall udder score (OUS), overall feet and legs (OFL), and body condition score (BCS) of Holstein bulls. Input values for the cluster analysis were across-country genetic correlations estimated among 8 countries from 2001 to 2011 for overall type traits and among 12 countries from 2009 to 2011 for BCS. Changes in evaluation procedure and trait definition affected the clustering of countries. For OCS, the evolution was clear, particularly for Australia; the genetic correlations between this country and the majority of other members decreased during the years. Other changes in clustering were due to modifications in trait definitions introduced by France (2004), Germany (2007) and United Kingdom-Ireland (2005, 2008 and 2011). The genetic correlations for OUS were generally higher than those for OCS, and changes in clustering were less pronounced: the structure of clusters remained unchanged from 2004 to 2007. For OFL, Australia was even more distant than for the other two composite traits, probably due to the use of "side view foot diagonal" as best predictor of OFL. The changes in trait definition introduced by France Black and White Holstein (2001) and Italy (2003 and 2007) entailed modifications in the structure of dendrograms. The cluster analysis well depicts the difference among countries that sent information on BCS to Interbull and countries that sent angularity as predictor of BCS, as they were grouped in two distinct clusters and the correlations between them were negative. Major effort is needed to harmonize the traits among countries.
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| 8. |
- Forabosco, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of genetic variation in the international Brown Swiss population
- 2013
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In: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 7, s. 1060-1066
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The international Brown Swiss cattle population pedigree was studied to measure genetic variations and to identify the most influential animals. Twenty-two countries provided pedigree information on 71 497 Brown Swiss bulls used for artificial insemination (AI). The total number of animals with the pedigree is 181 094. The mean inbreeding coefficient for the pedigree population was 0.77%. There was, in most cases, an increase in the mean inbreeding coefficient, with the highest value at 2.89% during the last 5-year period (2000 to 2004). The mean average relatedness for the pedigree population was 1.1%. The effective population size in 2004 was 204. There was notable variation between average generation intervals for the four parental pathways. The longest average generation interval, at 8.73 years, was observed in the sire son pathway. The average generation interval for the whole population was 6.53 years. Most genetically influential individuals were sires. The highest contributing founder was a sire with a 3.22% contribution, and the highest contributing founder dam made a contribution of 1.75%. The effective number of founders and the effective number of ancestors were 141 and 88, respectively. The study showed that genetic variation within the pedigree population has been decreasing over recent years. Increasing the number of AI bulls with a low individual coefficient of inbreeding could help to maintain a good level of genetic variation in the Brown Swiss population.
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| 9. |
- Forabosco, Flavio
(author)
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Genetic structure of the European Charolais and Limousin cattle metapopulations using pedigree analyses
- 2011
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 89, s. 1719-1730
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pedigree collected by the Interbeef service allowed genetic diversity to be assessed by using pedigree analyses for the European Charolais (CHA) and Limousin (LIM) cattle populations registered in national herdbooks in Denmark (DNK), France (FRA), Ireland (IRL), Sweden (SWE), and, solely for the LIM breed, the United Kingdom (UK). The CHA data set included 2,563,189 calves with weaning performance, of which 96.1% were recorded in FRA, 3.0% in SWE, 0.5% in IRL, and 0.4% in DNK. The LIM data set included 1,652,734 calves with weaning performance, of which 91.9% were recorded in FRA, 4.9% in UK, 1.8% in DNK, 0.9% SWE, and 0.5% in IRL. Pedigree files included 3,191,132 CHA and 2,409,659 LIM animals. Gene flows were rather limited between populations, except from FRA toward other countries. Pedigree completeness was good in all subpopulations for both breeds and allowed the pedigree to be traced back to the French population. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was assessed in each CHA and LIM subpopulation by estimating either effective population sizes (N(e) >244 and N(e) >345 in the CHA and LIM subpopulations, respectively), relationship coefficients within subpopulations (<1.3% in both breeds), or probability of gene origins. However, in each subpopulation, it was shown that founders and also ancestors had unbalanced genetic contributions, leading to a moderate but continuous reduction in genetic diversity. Analyses between populations suggested that all European CHA and LIM populations were differentiated very little. The Swedish CHA population was assessed as genetically more distant from the other CHA populations because of fewer gene flows from other countries and because of the use of North American sires to introgress the polled phenotype. In each European subpopulation, most of the main ancestors, which explained 50% of gene origin, were born in FRA. However, those main ancestors were different between countries. Moreover, in both breeds, the main ancestors, which explained 50% of the gene origin in DNK, IRL, SWE, and UK for the LIM breed, were found to be infrequently used in FRA. Those results were consistent with the low relationship coefficients estimated between subpopulations (<0.6% in both the CHA and LIM breeds). Therefore, in both breeds, each subpopulation may constitute a reservoir of genetic diversity for the other ones.
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