| 1. |
- Roskam, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Parental Burnout Around the Globe : a 42-Country Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Affective science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-205X .- 2662-2041. ; 2, s. 58-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; Mage = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4.
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| 2. |
- Roskam, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Three reasons why parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic countries : a mediation study in 36 countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 59, s. 681-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe prevalence of parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children, varies dramatically across countries and is highest in Western countries characterized by high individualism.MethodIn this study, we examined the mediators of the relationship between individualism measured at the country level and parental burnout measured at the individual level in 36 countries (16,059 parents).ResultsThe results revealed three mediating mechanisms, that is, self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, high agency and self-directed socialization goals, and low parental task sharing, by which individualism leads to an increased risk of burnout among parents.ConclusionThe results confrm that the three mediators under consideration are all involved, and that mediation was higher for self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, then parental task sharing, and lastly selfdi-rected socialization goals. The results provide some important indications of how to prevent parental burnout at the societal level in Western countries.
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| 3. |
- Zhao, Xiang, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging ideas. Filial piety, substance use, adverse childhood experiences, and parental support : An intergenerational perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Family Relations. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0197-6664 .- 1741-3729. ; 72:5, s. 3010-3022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The goal was to test the validity of the dual filial piety model in Austria and examine how the reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety interplay with familial factors and one's tobacco and alcohol use.Background: Familial influences on substance use have been identified. Being conceptualized as a Chinese construct, research on filial piety and its interplay with substance use is insufficient in Western populations.Method: Using a cross-sectional survey including filial piety, familial variables, psychopathy traits, and alcohol use, we collected data from 201 Austrian community members (63.0% female; Mage = 35.15 years). Another age-stratified random sample with 202 Austrians was also subsequently recruited to replicate the original findings. Multiple correlational analyses and confirmatory structural equation modeling were utilized on both samples, separately.Results: The dual filial piety model was found as a robust construct in both samples, with an acceptable scalability (Cronbach's α > .70). Although filial piety was unassociated with substance use, earlier experiences and psychopathy traits both showed consistent correlations with substance use. Un-directional network analysis among variables further revealed an association between ever smoking experience and adverse childhood experiences, which was replicated in the second sample.Conclusions: This study highlights the utility of filial piety in non-Eastern populations. Filial piety was associated with substance use in one sample, but more research from family and developmental psychology is needed given its close relationships with childhood aversive experiences and remembered parental support.
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| 4. |
- Zhao, Xiang, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Interparental Relationship Adjustment, Parenting, and Offspring's Cigarette Smoking at the 10-Year Follow-up
- 2021
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Ingår i: Family Process. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0014-7370 .- 1545-5300. ; 60:2, s. 523-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial influences on children's cigarette smoking have been established, yet little is known about whether these influences in childhood relate to offspring's smoking behavior in adolescence. Drawing on prior work showing that children's emotional and behavioral problems (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behavior problems) are influenced by both interparental and parent-child relationships, we examined whether children's emotional and behavioral problems would further predict their smoking behavior in adolescence. Two hundred and twenty-one families were followed from early childhood (Mage = 4.05 years) to the 10-year follow-up. Interparental relationship adjustment and disagreement, dysfunctional parenting, and children's emotional and behavioral problems were reported by both mothers and fathers. Adolescents' self-reported cigarette smoking status was assessed along with other demographic variables. Using structural equation modeling, the hypothesis was only supported based on mothers' reports, suggesting that early couple relationship adjustment and parenting relate to children's emotional and behavioral problems, which associate with smoking behavior in adolescence. When the hypothesized model was tested with emotional and behavioral problems separately, only behavioral problems were related to adolescent smoking for both parents. Findings from this study support models of family environment and children's behavioral problems, providing evidence of the long-term links with adolescent cigarette smoking behaviors. Further family-focused research and preventive work, for instance, testing the combination of partner support and parent training, are needed.
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| 5. |
- Zhao, Xiang, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting smoking behavior : intention and future self-continuity among Austrians
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 27:5, s. 1042-1051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a major public health problem in Austria, but relevant research and intervention is limited. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the present study aimed to test the model utility in an Austrian sample. As future self-continuity is likely to impact on health behavior, we also hypothesized an extended TPB with future self-continuity could further explain the variance in smoking. Using a prospective design, 94 current smokers (74.5% women; Mage = 24.27 years; 61.7% daily smokers) from a university in South Austria completed the baseline and follow-up survey (one month after the baseline). Consistent with the TPB, intention and perceived behavioral control (PBC) significantly predicted smoking behavior; affective attitude and PBC were significantly associated with smoking intention. In contrast, cognitive attitude and subjective norm were unrelated to smoking intention. As hypothesized, the TPB explained 42% variance of smoking behavior and 31% variance of smoking intention. Participants' future self-continuity further explained the variance of smoking behavior. Our study demonstrates the utility of the TPB in understanding Austrian smoking behavior. The role of psychological perception of future self among smokers has been highlighted. Future smoking intervention may target PBC, affective attitude, as well as a life-span perspective.
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| 6. |
- Zhao, Xiang, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Using Dyadic Modeling in Nursing Research : Introduction of Theory and Application
- 2022
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 44:8, s. 788-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of dyadic modeling in nursing has theoretical and practical importance, as the interpersonal processes related to health behaviors can be captured. Theoretical models focusing on dyadic coping with chronic illness and illness management are established in family nursing. However, few studies utilized dyadic designs in empirical research, as most studies are patient-centric or care partner-centric. With theoretical elaborations and examples, we first review how conventional health models have been extended using a dyadic perspective and then briefly review the major dyadic frameworks in nursing. Five frequently used dyadic models are described with examples from health and nursing research fields. Statistical applications and cultural considerations are reviewed. We conclude that dyadic modeling provides a useful lens for nursing research but continues to be underutilized.
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