| 1. |
- Benisty, H., et al.
(författare)
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Low-loss photonic-crystal and monolithic InP integration : Bands, bends, lasers, filters
- 2004
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Ingår i: Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices II. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819452688 ; , s. 119-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practical realizations of 2D (planar) photonics crystal (PhC) are either on a membrane or etched through a conventional heterostructure. While fascinating objects can emerge from the first approach, only the latter approach lends itself to a progressive integration of more compact PhC's towards monolithic PICs based on InP. We describe in this talk the various aspects from technology to functions and devices, as emerged from the European collaboration "PCIC". The main technology tour de force is deep-etching with aspect ratio of about 10 and vertical sidewall, achieved by three techniques (CAIBE, ICP-RIE, ECR-RIE). The basic functions explored are bends, splitters/combiners, mirrors, tapers, and the devices are filters and lasers. At the end of the talk, I will emphasize some positive aspects of "broad" multimode PhC waveguides, in view of compact add-drop filtering action, notably.
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| 2. |
- Benisty, H., et al.
(författare)
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Models and measurements for the transmission of submicron-width waveguide bends defined in two-dimensional photonic crystals
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 38:7, s. 770-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the essential building-blocks of miniature photonic crystal (PC)-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is the sharp bend. Our group has focused on the 2-D photonic crystal based on a triangular lattice of holes perforating a standard heterostructure. The latter, GaAlAs-based or InP-based, is vertically a monomode waveguide. We consider essentially one or two 60 bends defined by one to five missing rows, spanning both cases of monomode and multimode channel waveguides. From intensive modeling and various experimental measurements (both on GaAs and InP), we point out the origin of the present level of bend insertion losses and discuss the merits of the many roads open for improved design.
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| 3. |
- Gerschutz, F., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature insensitive 1.3 mu m InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot distributed feedback lasers for 10 Gbit/s transmission over 21 km
- 2006
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 42:25, s. 1457-1458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long wavelength monomode InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with emission wavelength around 1325 ran are presented. Threshold currents below 19 mA for operating temperatures up to 70 degrees C and Output powers of 10 mW at 25 degrees C (6 mW at 70 degrees C) are observed. Error-free 10 Gbit/s transmission over 21 kin fibre with an extinction ratio of 8.5 dB at room temperature (5.1 dB at 70 degrees C) is demonstrated. The low threshold, low temperature sensitivity and high modulation speed were realised using complex coupled DFB lasers with ten stacks of self-organised MBE-grown QD layers and p-type modulation doping.
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| 4. |
- Happ, T. D., et al.
(författare)
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Single-mode operation of coupled-cavity lasers based on two-dimensional photonic crystals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 79:25, s. 4091-4093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the fabrication of short-cavity lasers with highly reflective two-dimensional photonic crystal mirrors on an InGaAsP/InP laser structure emitting at 1.57 mum. An intracavity photonic crystal mirror creates two coupled cavities, which provide additional longitudinal mode selection for stable single-mode operation with side-mode suppression ratios exceeding 35 dB. The shortest lasers with l=100 mum overall length have a threshold current of 13 mA and provide more than 4 mW power under continuous wave operation. Longer devices with l=200 mum deliver up to 9 mW. A maximum modulation bandwidth of 7.9 GHz was determined by relative intensity noise measurements.
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| 5. |
- Anand, Srinivasan, et al.
(författare)
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Towards realization of high quality 2D-photonic crystals in InP/GaInAsP/InP
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, Conference Proceedings. - 0780385950 ; , s. 311-313
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) were etched into InP/GaInAsP/InP planar waveguides using chlorine based chemical assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE). Etching mechanisms and process parameters crucial for high quality PhC definition are discussed, with special attention to the lag-effect. The processed PhCs were optically characterized by measuring transmission through simple slabs and one-dimensional cavities. The optical properties inside the photonic bandgap are much better compared to both previously reported CAME results and results obtained with other etching methods. In particular, we measured a record quality factor of 310 for one-dimensional cavities fabricated in this material system.
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| 6. |
- Balocco, C, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave detection at 110 GHz by nanowires with broken symmetry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 5:7, s. 1423-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using arrays of nanowires with intentionally broken symmetry, we were able to detect microwaves up to 110 GHz at room temperature. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest speed that has been demonstrated in different types of novel electronic nanostructures to date. Our experiments showed a rather stable detection sensitivity over a broad frequency range from 100 MHz to 110 GHz. The novel working principle enabled the nanowires to detect microwaves efficiently without a dc bias. In principle, the need for only one high-resolution lithography step and the planar architecture allow an arbitrary number of nanowires to be made by folding a linear array as many times as required over a large area, for example, a whole wafer. Our experiment on 18 parallel nanowires showed a sensitivity of approximately 75 mV dc output/mW of nominal input power of the 110 GHz signal, even though only about 0.4% of the rf power was effectively applied to the structure because of an impedance mismatch. Because this array of nanowires operates simultaneously, low detection noise was achieved, allowing us to detect -25 dBm 110 GHz microwaves at zero bias with a standard setup.
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| 7. |
- Ferrini, R., et al.
(författare)
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Optical study of two-dimensional InP-based photonic crystals by internal light source technique
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 38:7, s. 786-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first optical study of 2-D photonic crystals (PCs) deeply etched in an InP/GaInAsP step-index waveguide. Following the same internal light source approach proposed by Labilloy and coworkers for the investigation of GaAs-based 2-D PCs, transmission measurements through simple PC slabs and 1-D Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities between PC mirrors were performed. Details are given on the experimental setup which has been implemented with respect to the original scheme and adapted to InP-based systems working at 1.5-mum. 2-D plane-wave expansion and finite difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are used to fit the experimental data. Out-of-plane losses were evaluated according to a recently introduced phenomenological model. In spite of the complex hole morphology in the measured samples, preliminary results are presented which indicate the possibility of separating different loss contributions from finite etch depth and hole shape. As for 1-D cavities, both FDTD and classical theory for planar resonators are applied in order to deduce the optical properties of the PC mirrors. The origin of an anomalously high transmission observed inside the stopgap is discussed and arguments are given to demonstrate the need for further modeling efforts when working in the bandgap regime.
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| 8. |
- Kamp, M., et al.
(författare)
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Low loss InP based photonic crystal waveguides and resonators
- 2005
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Ingår i: Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits VII. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819457035 ; , s. 249-256
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on low-loss light propagation at the communication wavelength of 1.55 μm through straight two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides patterned into InGaAsP/InP heterostructures. The linear defect waveguides along the ΓK direction of a triangular lattice of air holes were etched deeply into the semiconductor by Cl 2/Ar electron cyclotron resonance reactive ion etching. Efficient waveguiding was observed for both polarization directions, although a photonic band gap exists for only one of the polarization states. Propagation losses, determined by the Fabry-Pérot resonance method, are as low as 0.2 dB/mm and 1.5 dB/mm for waveguides based on seven and three missing rows of holes, respectively. Waveguide resonators with 100 GHz channel spacing and quality factors up to 15,000 have been realized by inserting photonic crystal mirrors into the waveguides. The dispersion of the resonators was measured using a phase shift technique. Values for the group velocity dispersion range from -250 ps/nm to +250 ps/nm at wavelengths around 1.55 μm, which is sufficient to compensate for the dispersion of 15 km standard single-mode fiber. Controlling the device temperature allows to tune the dispersive properties of the devices.
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| 9. |
- Kamp, M., et al.
(författare)
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Photonic crystal based active optoelectronic devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Photonic Crystals: Advances in Design, Fabrication, and Characterization. - Weinheim, FRG : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9783527602599 ; , s. 329-346
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have described a number of ways to integrate photonic crystals with active optoelectronic devices. PhCs can be used as mirrors in semiconductor lasers where their high reflectivity allow the fabrication of lasers with small cavity length. Lasers with a length down to 100 μm and two PhC mirrors have been demonstrated.
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| 10. |
- Kamp, M., et al.
(författare)
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Photonic crystal waveguide based dispersion compensators
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. - : SPIE. - 0819461652 - 9780819461650
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the dispersion properties of photonic crystal waveguide resonators. A passive InGaAsP/InP slab waveguide structure was used for the fabrication of the samples. The PhC waveguide resonators were defined by the omission of several rows of holes along the ΓK or ΓM direction of a triangular photonic crystal lattice. In addition, mirrors with a thickness of 1 to 4 rows of holes were inserted into the waveguide. An optimized dry etch process was used to etch the patterns to a depth of 3.5 μm through the waveguide layer. The group delay of the PhC devices was measured using the phase shift technique. The signal of a tunable laser was modulated at 3 GHz using a LiNbO 3 Mach-Zehnder modulator and detected with a high-frequency lightwave receiver. A phase sensitive detection with a network analyer measured the phase shift of the transmitted signal, which is proportional to the group delay. Close to the center of the resonances, the chromatic dispersion reaches values of -250 ps/nm and 250 ps/nm. This corresponds to the chromatic dispersion of 15 km standard fiber.
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