| 1. |
- Amein, Tahsein, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for control of Alternaria brassicicola on cabbage seeds
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. - 1861-3829 .- 1861-3837. ; 118:6, s. 214-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the lack of foliar fungicide use, the organic production of Brassica seeds free of Alternaria spp. is difficult. Therefore, effective seed treatments certified for use in organic farming are needed to eradicate or at least effectively reduce the seed-borne inoculum. We here report results of greenhouse and field experiments in which non-chemical seed treatments were tested for control of A. brassicicola on cabbage seeds naturally infested with the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments, significant improvements were obtained by seed treatment with some commercialised and experimental microbial biocontrol agents, an emulsion of thyme oil in water (0.1%) and by the tested physical seed treatments methods (i.e. hot water, aerated steam and electron seed treatment). Resistance inducers tended to increase the percentage of healthy plants, but the effects were statistically not significant. Generally the combination of physical treatments with the effective agents did not result in improved performance. Positive effects on crop establishment and yield by the same treatments were also observed in field tests. Overall the results indicate that several options for non-chemical control of A. brassicicola on Brassica seeds exist that are comparable in efficacy to the chemical standard Aatiram (active ingredient thiram) used in this study.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Lars Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Brevväxling som pedagogisk metod
- 2020
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Ingår i: Levande lärmiljöer : proceedings från Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteternas pedagogiska inspirationskonferens 2018 - proceedings från Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteternas pedagogiska inspirationskonferens 2018. - 9789172674233 - 9789172674240 ; , s. 79-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kort beskrivning av hur brevväxling används som pedagogisk metod inom utbildningen på avancerad nivå i Litterär gestaltning ("Författarskolan"), LU.
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| 3. |
- Edgren, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Aktiv hälsostyrning kan ge utsatta patienter stöd ["Active health management" can provide support for vulnerable patients. New model for the prevention of unplanned healthcare].
- 2016
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A small group of frequent emergency department visitors account for a disproportionally large fraction of health care consumption, including unplanned hospitalizations and overall healthcare costs. In response, case and disease management programs aimed at reducing health care consumption in this group have been tested, however results vary widely. In this study, we aimed to investigate if a telephone-based, nurse led case management intervention can reduce health care consumption for frequent emergency department visitors in a large-scale set-up. A total of 12,181 frequent emergency department users in three counties in Sweden were randomized either using Zelen's design or a traditional randomized design to receive a nurse led case management intervention or no intervention. Patients were followed for health care consumption for up to 2 years. The results of the study with traditional design showed an overall 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-19%) decreased rate of hospitalization, which was mostly driven by effects among patients included in the last year. Similar results were achieved in the Zelen studies, with significant reduction of hospitalization, again in the last year, but mixed results in the early development of the project. Our study provides evidence that a carefully designed telephone-based intervention with accurate and systematic patient selection and appropriate staff training in a centralized set-up can lead to significant decreases in health care consumption and costs. However, we also demonstrate that the effects are sensitive to the delivery model chosen.
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| 4. |
- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Improved 60-day survival but impaired general health in Swedish ICU-COVID patients: An ambidirectional population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 66:5, s. 569-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Survival among critically ill COVID-19 patients varies between countries and time periods. Mortality rates up to 60% have been reported in intensive care units (ICUs). Standard-of-care has evolved throughout the pandemic. The purpose of the study was to explore management and mortality of COVID-19 ICU-patients during the first pandemic wave and assess their post-ICU health status. Methods We conducted an exploratory observational ambidirectional population-based study of ICU-patients with COVID-19 in a Swedish county during 1 March-30 June 2020. Primary outcome was 60-day mortality with secondary outcomes including treatments, complications, self-reported general health and dyspnoea post-discharge. Patients were consecutively divided into equal tertiles with cut-offs on April 4 and April 20, 2020, to analyse time trends. Results One hundred patients, median age was 63 years, were included, and 60-day mortality rate was 22%. Ninety-one percent had moderate/severe ARDS and 88% required mechanical ventilation. In the first tertile of patients 60-day mortality was 33%, declining to 15% and 18% in the following two. This reduction paralleled increased use of thromboprophylaxis, less steep rise of treated ICU-patients per day and expanded ICU resources. Four months post-discharge, 63% of survivors reported self-assessed decline in general health retrospectively compared to prior COVID-19. Conclusions In this cohort, the initial 60-day mortality quickly declined, despite continuous admittance of critically ill patients. This was parallel to adaptation to increased workload and more intense thromboembolic prophylaxis. A majority of survivors reported declined general health four months after discharge. Further studies on long-term health status of ICU-survivors are indicated.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in COVID-19, a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 68:2, s. 226-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Higher incidences of VA-LRTI have been reported among COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary objectives of this study were to describe clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors comparing patients who developed VA-LRTI to patients who did not, in a cohort of Swedish ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Secondary objectives were to decipher changes over the three initial pandemic waves, common microbiology and the effect of VA-LTRI on morbidity and mortality.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to 10 ICUs in southeast Sweden between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 because of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was culture verified VA-LRTI. Patient characteristics, ICU management, clinical course, treatments, microbiological findings, and mortality were registered. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for first VA-LRTI.Results: Of a total of 536 included patients, 153 (28.5%) developed VA-LRTI. Incidence rate of first VA-LRTI was 20.8 per 1000 days of IMV. Comparing patients with VA-LRTI to those without, no differences in mortality, age, sex, or number of comorbidities were found. Patients with VA-LRTI had fewer ventilator-free days, longer ICU stay, were more frequently ventilated in prone position, received corticosteroids more often and were more frequently on antibiotics at intubation. Regression analysis revealed increased adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) for first VA-LRTI in patients treated with corticosteroids (aOR 2.64 [95% confidence interval [CI]] [1.31-5.74]), antibiotics at intubation (aOR 2.01 95% CI [1.14-3.66]), and days of IMV (aOR 1.05 per day of IMV, 95% CI [1.03-1.07]). Few multidrug-resistant pathogens were identified. Incidence of VA-LRTI increased from 14.5 per 1000 days of IMV during the first wave to 24.8 per 1000 days of IMV during the subsequent waves.Conclusion: We report a high incidence of culture-verified VA-LRTI in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients from the first three pandemic waves. VA-LRTI was associated with increased morbidity but not 30-, 60-, or 90-day mortality. Corticosteroid treatment, antibiotics at intubation and time on IMV were associated with increased aOR of first VA-LRTI.
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| 6. |
- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Reactor Comprising a Gas Permeable Cage Arranged to Influence a Flow Path of Gas
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is provided a thermal reactor (100) comprising: a vessel (101), said vessel comprising: a gas inlet (102), an outlet (103), a gas permeable cage (104) arranged in the vessel (101), and in fluid connection to the gas inlet (102), wherein the vessel (101) and the cage (104) are provided with a mutual gas outlet (103), and temperature generating means (105;105') arranged to create a thermal reaction zone (106) within the cage (104), wherein the cage (104) is provided with holes (107), and wherein a first subset of the holes (107') is arranged along at least a portion of a first circumferential surface (110) of the cage (104) and a second subset of the holes (107'') is arranged along at least a portion of a second circumferential surface (111) of the cage (104), wherein the first (110) and second (111) circumferential surfaces are offset and non-parallel, and the first subset of holes (107') and the second subset of holes (107'') are mutually distinct.
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| 7. |
- Hayatgheibi, Haleh, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic control of transition from juvenile to mature wood with respect to microfibril angle in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 48:11, s. 1358-1365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile wood to mature wood was evaluated in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Increment cores were collected at breast height (1.3 m) from 5664 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden and from 823 trees in two lodgepole pine progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered, and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (∆G) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.
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| 8. |
- Hjortsberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray microtomography for characterisation of cracks in iron ore pellets after reduction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 40:6, s. 399-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a method, based on X-ray microtomography and three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, of characterising and quantifying crack distribution in iron ore pellets. The aims have been to verify the method and to determine to what extent crack propagation contributes to the decrease in compressive strength that occurs during reduction at 500°C as haematite transforms into magnetite. Raw materials known to cause disintegration problems were selected in order to promote crack propagation. Pellets displayed crack lengths of sizes roughly corresponding to half the pellet diameter already before reduction and, during reduction, a further crack propagation of ∼50% occurred. Through estimations by finite element analysis of the crack size and the pellet geometry, it has been possible to determine that this crack growth most likely is a mechanism that contributes to the decrease in compressive strength. The decrease of ∼90% that was experimentally determined to occur after 30 min of reduction is, however, too large to be explained by crack propagation alone. The study shows that the proposed techniques allow 3D imaging of iron ore pellets and characterisation of cracks. The scans are non-destructive and can be carried out repeatedly, which allows a specific sample to be studied at different stages during a process. Through future use of the proposed method, our aim is to reach a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind low temperature disintegration of iron ore pellets and the performance of LKAB olivine pellets inside the blast furnace.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Globally Optimal Displacement Fields Using Local Tensor Metric
- 2012
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Ingår i: Image Processing (ICIP), 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on. - 9781467325349 ; , s. 2957-2960
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for regularizing displacement fields in image registration. The method uses the local structure tensor and gradients of the displacement field to impose a local metric, which is then used optimizing a global cost function. The method allows for linear operators, such as tensors and differential operators modeling the underlying physical anatomy of the human body in medical images. The algorithm is tested using output from the Morphon image registration algorithm on MRI data as well as synthetic test data and the result is compared to the initial displacement field. The results clearly demonstrate the power of the method and the unique features brought forth through the global optimization approach.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Pollinatörers exponering för växtskyddsmedel via pollen, nektar och luft i jordbrukslandskapet
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projekt, AirBeeSafe, var att öka kunskapen om bin och andra pollinerande insekters exponering för olika växtskyddsmedel i odlingslandskapet. Projektet utfördes i ett samarbete mellan SLU Centrum för kemiska bekämpningsmedel i miljön (CKB) och Biologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, samt lantbrukare och biodlare. Finansiering gavs av Naturvårdsverket och det strategiska forskningsområdet BECC, Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate.Under 2020 och 2021 studerades åtta lokaler i Skåne under upp till tolv veckor, fördelat på tre tidsperioder, maj till oktober. Provlokalerna valdes utifrån en gradient av jordbruksintensitet. Honungsbin (Apis mellifera) användes som modellorganism och i varje lokal placerades två bisamhällen. Prover av luft (154 st), pollen (114 st), bivävnad (65 st), och nektar (66 st) samlades in och analyserades kvantitativt för koncentrationen av upp till 108 växtskyddsmedel. För att uppskatta risker för bin och andra pollinatörer viktades de funna halterna av växtskyddsmedel med deras akuta toxicitet för honungsbin. Dessa riskindex för enskilda ämnen summerades sedan för alla substanser funna i ett prov. Insamlat pollen identifierades till växtart eller grupp.Uppmätta summahalter och riskindex för luft ökade med ökande andel åkermark i det omgivande landskapet, medan det för pollen inte fanns något sådant samband. Generellt var det ofta några få ämnen som gav ett stort utslag på riskindexet. Pollen var den matris där flest ämnen detekterades och där höga summahalter och högst riskindex förekom. Det ämne som utgjorde störst risk i pollen var insekticiden indoxakarb, följt av betydligt lägre värden för fungiciden penkonazol och insekticiderna acetamiprid och imidakloprid. Pollenidentifieringen visade att både grödor och vilda växter bidrar till risken. Iluft var herbiciden prosulfokarb och fungiciden penkonazol de mest riskfyllda ämnena. Indoxakarb var även det mest riskfyllda ämnet utifrån analysen av bivävnad, medan insekticiden tiakloprid var ett riskfyllt ämne som förekom i både bin och nektar. Indoxakarbs godkännande som växtskyddsmedel har dock gått ut (september 2022), liksom godkännandena för imidakloprid (2018) och tiakloprid (2021), så fynden av de ämnena bör minska på sikt och göra att riskbilden för bin och andra pollinatörer förändras.Riskindexen för pollen, bivävnad och nektar var statistiskt relaterade, medan riskindexet för luft var orelaterat till de tre andra matriserna. Luftprover verkar alltså kunna ge en något annan bild av riskerna för bin och andra pollinatörer än prover av de andra matriserna.I framtida övervakning av risker från växtskyddsmedel för bin och andra pollinatörer föreslås, av praktiska och etiska skäl samt med tanke på ekologisk relevans, att detta i första hand sker genom bestämning av halter i pollen insamlat av honungsbin och beräkning av riskindex baserade på akut toxicitet för honungsbin. Då riskindex baserade på lufthalter inte relaterade till riskindex baserade på pollenhalter kan man också tänka sig kompletterande mätningar av luft.Se rapporttexten för en mer detaljerad sammanfattning.
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