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- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1, s. 116-21.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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- Wohlrab, S., et al.
(författare)
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Ocean acidification increases domoic acid contents during a spring to summer succession of coastal phytoplankton
- 2020
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883. ; 92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enrichment of the oceans with CO2 may be beneficial for some marine phytoplankton, including harmful algae. Numerous laboratory experiments provided valuable insights into the effects of elevated pCO(2) on the growth and physiology of harmful algal species, including the production of phycotoxins. Experiments close to natural conditions are the next step to improve predictions, as they consider the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that can confound the direct effects of ocean acidification. We therefore investigated the effect of ocean acidification on the occurrence and abundance of phycotoxins in bulk plankton samples during a long-term mesocosm experiment in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, an area frequently experiencing harmful algal blooms. During the experimental period, a total of seven phycotoxin-producing harmful algal genera were identified in the fjord, and in accordance, six toxin classes were detected. However, within the mesocosms, only domoic acid and the corresponding producer Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was observed. Despite high variation within treatments, significantly higher particulate domoic acid contents were measured in the mesocosms with elevated pCO(2). Higher particulate domoic acid contents were additionally associated with macronutrient limitation. The risks associated with potentially higher phycotoxin levels in the future ocean warrants attention and should be considered in prospective monitoring strategies for coastal marine waters.
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- Analitis, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cold weather on mortality : results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1476-6256 .- 0002-9262. ; 168:12, s. 1397-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weather-related health effects have attracted renewed interest because of the observed and predicted climate change. The authors studied the short-term effects of cold weather on mortality in 15 European cities. The effects of minimum apparent temperature on cause- and age-specific daily mortality were assessed for the cold season (October-March) by using data from 1990-2000. For city-specific analysis, the authors used Poisson regression and distributed lag models, controlling for potential confounders. Meta-regression models summarized the results and explored heterogeneity. A 1 degrees C decrease in temperature was associated with a 1.35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.53) increase in the daily number of total natural deaths and a 1.72% (95% CI: 1.44, 2.01), 3.30% (95% CI: 2.61, 3.99), and 1.25% (95% CI: 0.77, 1.73) increase in cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular deaths, respectively. The increase was greater for the older age groups. The cold effect was found to be greater in warmer (southern) cities and persisted up to 23 days, with no evidence of mortality displacement. Cold-related mortality is an important public health problem across Europe. It should not be underestimated by public health authorities because of the recent focus on heat-wave episodes.
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- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of autonomic nerve function in myotonic dystrophy
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1838 .- 1872-7476. ; 29:3, s. 187-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The function of the autonomic nervous system was studied in 23 patients with myotonic dystrophy, from a defined population in northern Sweden with an extremely high prevalence of this disease. Heart rate variability tests showed only minor signs of parasympathetic dysfunction. Blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline measurements in recumbent and upright positions showed no signs of sympathetic neuropathy. Increased plasma levels of noradrenaline was an unexpected finding. Our study does not support the hypothesis that cardiac arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal motility disturbances and urinary bladder dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy are caused by autonomic neuropathy, and we believe that these symptoms should rather be ascribed to a defective function of the target organs
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