| 1. |
- Andrikopoulos, Petros, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The host-microbiota co-metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to increased cardiovascular risk but how its circulating levels are regulated remains unclear. We applied "explainable" machine learning, univariate, multivariate and mediation analyses of fasting plasma TMAO concentration and a multitude of phenotypes in 1,741 adult Europeans of the MetaCardis study. Here we show that next to age, kidney function is the primary variable predicting circulating TMAO, with microbiota composition and diet playing minor, albeit significant, roles. Mediation analysis suggests a causal relationship between TMAO and kidney function that we corroborate in preclinical models where TMAO exposure increases kidney scarring. Consistent with our findings, patients receiving glucose-lowering drugs with reno-protective properties have significantly lower circulating TMAO when compared to propensity-score matched control individuals. Our analyses uncover a bidirectional relationship between kidney function and TMAO that can potentially be modified by reno-protective anti-diabetic drugs and suggest a clinically actionable intervention for decreasing TMAO-associated excess cardiovascular risk.
|
|
| 2. |
- Armada Moreira, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
STEM Pride: Perspectives from transgender, nonbinary, and genderqueer scientists
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 184:13, s. 3352-3355
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In celebration of Pride Month, we asked transgender, genderqueer, and nonbinary scientists to tell us about what fascinates them, their ambitions and achievements, and how their gender identities have shaped their experiences in STEM. We owe a special thanks to 500 Queer Scientists (https://500queerscientists.com/), whose network and efforts at increasing LGBTQ+ scientists visibility made this article possible.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Boo, Sofia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att anpassa undervisning : till individ och grupp i klassrummet
- 2017. - 1
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tycker du att din svåraste arbetsuppgift som lärare är att anpassa undervisningen efter varje elevs förutsättningar och behov? Då är du inte ensam!Att anpassa undervisning är en grundbok som erbjuder en teoretisk och praktisk vägledning mot en undervisning anpassad till individ och grupp. Författarna sätter dagens rådande teorier om anpassningar i perspektiv och sammanhang genom en historisk återblick. De varvar sedan didaktiska aspekter av undervisningen – som metoder, strategier och dilemman – med färska exempel och erfarenheter från den svenska skolan. Här synliggörs de medvetna val som du som lärare måste göra, både gällande ämnesinnehållets strukturer och arbetsformer.Fokus ligger på vikten av ett systematiskt arbete – dels i syfte att låta effektiva anpassningar genomsyra den dagliga verksamheten, dels för att skapa en hållbar arbetssituation.Boken vänder sig till lärarstudenter och verksamma lärare i grundskolan.
|
|
| 6. |
- Brial, François, et al.
(författare)
-
Human and preclinical studies of the host-gut microbiome co-metabolite hippurate as a marker and mediator of metabolic health
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 70:11, s. 2105-2114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Gut microbial products are involved in regulation of host metabolism. In human and experimental studies, we explored the potential role of hippurate, a hepatic phase 2 conjugation product of microbial benzoate, as a marker and mediator of metabolic health.DESIGN: In 271 middle-aged non-diabetic Danish individuals, who were stratified on habitual dietary intake, we applied 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of urine samples and shotgun-sequencing-based metagenomics of the gut microbiome to explore links between the urine level of hippurate, measures of the gut microbiome, dietary fat and markers of metabolic health. In mechanistic experiments with chronic subcutaneous infusion of hippurate to high-fat-diet-fed obese mice, we tested for causality between hippurate and metabolic phenotypes.RESULTS: In the human study, we showed that urine hippurate positively associates with microbial gene richness and functional modules for microbial benzoate biosynthetic pathways, one of which is less prevalent in the Bacteroides 2 enterotype compared with Ruminococcaceae or Prevotella enterotypes. Through dietary stratification, we identify a subset of study participants consuming a diet rich in saturated fat in which urine hippurate concentration, independently of gene richness, accounts for links with metabolic health. In the high-fat-fed mice experiments, we demonstrate causality through chronic infusion of hippurate (20 nmol/day) resulting in improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion.CONCLUSION: Our human and experimental studies show that a high urine hippurate concentration is a general marker of metabolic health, and in the context of obesity induced by high-fat diets, hippurate contributes to metabolic improvements, highlighting its potential as a mediator of metabolic health.
|
|
| 7. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Higher resistance to herbivory in introduced compared to native populations of a seaweed
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 164:3, s. 833-840
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-indigenous species (NIS) are important components of global change, and in order to manage such species it is important to understand which factors affect their success. Interactions with enemies in the new range have been shown to be important for the outcome of introductions, but thus far most studies on NIS-enemy interactions have considered only specialist herbivores in terrestrial systems. Here we present the results from the first biogeographic study that compares herbivore resistance between populations in the native and new region of a non-indigenous seaweed. We show that low consumption of the non-indigenous seaweed by a generalist herbivore is caused by higher chemical defence levels and herbivore resistance in the new range-and not by the failure of the herbivore to recognise the non-indigenous seaweed as a suitable host. Since most seaweed-herbivore interactions are dominated by generalist herbivores, this pattern could be common in marine communities. Our results also reveal that traits used to predict the invasive potential of species, such as their resistance to enemies, can change during the invasion process, but not always in the way predicted by dominant theories.
|
|
| 8. |
- Forslund, Sofia K., et al.
(författare)
-
Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Forslund, Tobias O. M., 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
A dual-lattice hydrodynamic-thermal MRT-LBM model implemented on GPU for DNS calculations of turbulent thermal flows
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0961-5539 .- 1758-6585. ; 35:5, s. 1703-1725
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a fast and bare bones implementation of a numerical method for quickly simulating turbulent thermal flows on GPUs. The work also validates earlier research showing that the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) method is suitable for complex thermal flows.Design/methodology/approachA dual lattice hydrodynamic (D3Q27) thermal (D3Q7) multiple-relaxation time LBM model capable of thermal DNS calculations is implemented in CUDA.FindingsThe model has the same computational performance compared to earlier publications of similar LBM solvers. The solver is validated against three benchmark cases for turbulent thermal flow with available data and is shown to be in excellent agreement.Originality/valueThe combination of a D3Q27 and D3Q7 stencil for a multiple relaxation time -LBM has, to the authors’ knowledge, not been used for simulations of thermal flows. The code is made available in a public repository under a free license.
|
|
