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- Reynisdottir, G, et al.
(författare)
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Signs of immune activation and local inflammation are present in the bronchial tissue of patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 75:9, s. 1722-1727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Events in the lungs might contribute to generation of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated if signs of immune activation are present in bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with early-untreated RA without clinical signs of lung involvement.MethodsTwenty-four patients with RA with symptom duration <1 year and naïve to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were subjected to bronchoscopy where BAL and mucosal bronchial biopsies were retrieved. For comparison, 15 bronchial biopsies and 79 BAL samples from healthy volunteers were available. Histological examination was performed to evaluate lymphocyte infiltration, presence of immune cells (T and B cells, plasma cells, dendritic cells and macrophages) and immune activation markers. Cell composition of BAL samples was analysed by differential counting and T cell subsets by flow cytometry.ResultsLymphocyte infiltration was more frequently found in ACPA-positive patients (50%) as compared with ACPA-negative patients (17%) and controls (13%). Germinal centres, B cells and plasma cells were only found in ACPA-positive patients. The frequency of T cells in bronchial biopsies of patients with ACPA-positive RA was positively associated with expression of immune activation markers. BAL samples of patients with ACPA-positive, but not ACPA-negative, RA had significantly higher relative numbers of lymphocytes and expressed higher levels of activation markers compared with controls.ConclusionsSigns of immune cell accumulation and activation are present both in the bronchial tissue and in BAL of untreated patients with early RA without concomitant lung disease, strengthening the role of the lung compartment as an important player in ACPA-positive RA.
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- Forsslund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of haptic degrees of freedom on task performance in virtual surgical environments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - : IOS Press. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 184, s. 129-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Force and touch feedback, or haptics, can play a significant role in the realism of virtual reality surgical simulation. While it is accepted that simulators providing haptic feedback often outperform those that do not, little is known about the degree of haptic fidelity required to achieve simulation objectives. This article evaluates the effect that employing haptic rendering with different degrees of freedom (DOF) has on task performance in a virtual environment. Results show that 6-DOF haptic rendering significantly improves task performance over 3-DOF haptic rendering, even if computed torques are not displayed to the user. No significant difference could be observed between under-actuated (force only) and fully-actuated 6-DOF feedback in two surgically-motivated tasks.
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- Grundstroem, J., et al.
(författare)
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Altered immunoregulatory profile during anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 169:2, s. 137-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be treated effectively by anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. We set out to investigate the unclear immunoregulatory mechanisms of the treatment. Thirty-four patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF were included. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood and intestinal biopsies were analysed by flow cytometry. Regulation of antigen-stimulated proliferation was analysed by blocking of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta or depletion of CD25+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. No changes in CD4+CD25+, CD25+TNF-RII+ or CD4+CD25+forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) T cells could be observed in peripheral blood after, in comparison to before, 6 weeks of treatment. The suppressive ability of CD4+CD25+ cells did not change. There was an initial decrease of CD4+CD25+ cells in intestinal mucosa after 2 weeks of treatment, followed by an increase of these cells from weeks 2 to 6 of treatment (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by an increased percentage of CD69+ cells among these cells after 6 weeks of treatment compared to before treatment (P < 0.01). There was also an increase of mucosal T helper type1 cells from weeks 2 to 6 (P < 0.05). In addition, CD25+TNF-RII+ cells in the mucosa were decreased after 6 weeks of treatment compared to before treatment (P < 0.05). Before treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cell baseline proliferation was increased when IL-10 was blocked (P < 0.01), but not after. In CD25+ cell-depleted cultures proliferation increased after treatment (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that anti-TNF treatment leads to an induction of effector T cells. Anti-TNF therapy has no significant impact on regulatory T cells in IBD, although the composition of regulatory T cell subsets may change during treatment.
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- Karimi, R, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in regional air trapping in current smokers with normal spirometry
- 2017
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 49:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated regional air trapping on computed tomography in current smokers with normal spirometry. It was hypothesised that presence of regional air trapping may indicate a specific manifestation of smoking-related changes.40 current smokers, 40 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 40 healthy never- smokers underwent computed tomography scans. Regional air trapping was assessed on end-expiratory scans and emphysema, micronodules and bronchial wall thickening on inspiratory scans. The ratio of expiratory and inspiratory mean lung attenuation (E/I) was calculated as a measure of static (fixed) air trapping.Regional air trapping was present in 63% of current smokers, in 45% of never smokers and in 8% of COPD patients (p<0.001). Current smokers with and without regional air trapping had E/I ratio of 0.81 and 0.91, respectively (p<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was significantly higher and emphysema less frequent in current smokers with regional air trapping.Current smokers with regional air trapping had higher FEV1 and less emphysema on computed tomography. In contrast, current smokers without regional air trapping resembled COPD. Our results highlight heterogeneity among smokers with normal spirometry and may contribute to early detection of smoking related structural changes in the lungs.
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