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| 2. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Compulsory School Achievement and Problem Gambling Among Swedish Young People
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 56:4, s. 420-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose We aimed to examine the association between school grades at the age of 16 years and problem gambling at the age of 17–25 years among Swedish females and males. Methods In a cohort design, we followed the 16- to 24-year-old participants in the representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study for 2 years, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, generating 3,816 person-years of follow-up time. The outcome, incidence of mild and moderate/severe gambling problems, was measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index in telephone interviews. The exposure was register-linked information about final grades in compulsory school. The association between school grades and problem gambling was estimated in multinomial logistic regressions. Results Low and average school grades were associated with increased incidence of mild and moderate/severe problem gambling compared to high grades, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, and alcohol use. Low grades, compared to high grades, were associated with a higher risk of mild gambling problems for adolescent males, whereas the incidence proportion of moderate/severe problem gambling was high for males aged 20–25 years with low grades, among whom unemployment was also very high. Furthermore, we found a strong and graded association between school grades and moderate/severe problem gambling for women in both age groups, despite a low prevalence of gambling participation among females compared to males. Conclusions Our findings show that Swedish youth with low school achievement have an increased risk of gambling problems up to 8 years after school graduation, after control for confounding from sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, and alcohol use, and that this association is stronger for females than males.
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| 3. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Incidence of Problem Gambling in a Representative Cohort of Swedish Female and Male 16-24 Year-Olds by Socio-demographic Characteristics, in Comparison with 25-44 Year-Olds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 31:3, s. 621-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate the incidence of a first episode of problem gambling among Swedish 16-24 year-olds by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and to compare the incidence between 16-24 and 25-44 year-olds, and between young women and men. Other aims were to estimate the proportions of recovery and incidence in recurrent problem gambling, and prevalence of problem gambling among 16-44 year-olds in Sweden. We selected 4,358 participants aged 16-44 from the nationally representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The primary outcome measure was a first episode of problem gambling during 12 months before the follow-up as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index among participants without a history of problem gambling at baseline. The incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling among 16-24 year-olds was 2.26% (95% confidence interval 1.52-3.36); three times lower among females (1.14; 0.42-3.07%) than males (3.32; 2.19-5.01%). Young age and household financial problems were associated with first episode problem gambling among young women. Among 25-44 year-olds, the incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling was 0.81% (0.41-1.56). Recovery from problem gambling was high, in particular among females. Individual transitions from problem gambling to recovery and to recurrent problem gambling, between baseline and follow-up, were common regardless of age. This study adds further evidence to research suggesting that there is a high mobility in and out of problem gambling over time on an individual level. The high incidence of first episode problem gambling among youth in Sweden stresses the importance of prevention of problem gambling at an early age.
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- Hytteborn, Julia K., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 520, s. 260-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors affecting total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in 215 watercourses across Sweden were investigated using parameter parsimonious regression approaches to explain spatial and temporal variabilities of the TOC water quality responses. We systematically quantified the effects of discharge, seasonality, and long-term trend as factors controlling intra-annual (among year) and inter-annual (within year) variabilities of TOC by evaluating the spatial variability in model coefficients and catchment characteristics (e.g. land cover, retention time, soil type).Catchment area (0.18–47,000 km2) and land cover types (forests, agriculture and alpine terrain) are typical for the boreal and hemiboreal zones across Fennoscandia. Watercourses had at least 6 years of monthly water quality observations between 1990 and 2010. Statistically significant models (p < 0.05) describing variation of TOC in streamflow were identified in 209 of 215 watercourses with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index of 0.44. Increasing long-term trends were observed in 149 (70%) of the watercourses, and intra-annual variation in TOC far exceeded inter-annual variation. The average influences of the discharge and seasonality terms on intra-annual variations in daily TOC concentration were 1.4 and 1.3 mg l− 1 (13 and 12% of the mean annual TOC), respectively. The average increase in TOC was 0.17 mg l− 1 year− 1 (1.6% year− 1).Multivariate regression with over 90 different catchment characteristics explained 21% of the spatial variation in the linear trend coefficient, less than 20% of the variation in the discharge coefficient and 73% of the spatial variation in mean TOC. Specific discharge, water residence time, the variance of daily precipitation, and lake area, explained 45% of the spatial variation in the amplitude of the TOC seasonality.Because the main drivers of temporal variability in TOC are seasonality and discharge, first-order estimates of the influences of climatic variability and change on TOC concentration should be predictable if the studied catchments continue to respond similarly.
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| 6. |
- Wheeler, D., et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of HfO2 on InAs by atomic-layer deposition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5568 .- 0167-9317. ; 86:7-9, s. 1561-1563
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are formed on bulk InAs substrates by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2. Prior to film growth, InAs substrates receive a wet-chemical treatment of HCl, buffered HF (BHF), or (NH4)(2)S. Hafnium dioxide films are grown using 75 ALD cycles with substrate temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 degrees C. Substrate temperature is found to have a significant influence on the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the capacitors, while the influence of substrate pretreatment manifests itself in interface trap density, D-it, as measured by the Terman method. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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