| 1. |
- Rodríguez, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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“Canary Islands (NE Atlantic) as a biodiversity ‘hotspot’ of Gambierdiscus : Implications for future trends of ciguatera in the area”
- 2017
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883. ; 67, s. 131-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study the geographical distribution, abundance and composition of Gambierdiscus was described over a 600 km longitudinal scale in the Canary Islands. Samples for cell counts, isolation and identification of Gambierdiscus were obtained from five islands (El Hierro, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote). Average densities of Gambierdiscus spp. between 0 and 2200 cells g−1 blot dry weight of macrophyte were recorded. Morphological (light microscopy and SEM techniques) and molecular analyses (LSU and SSU rDNA sequencing of cultures and single cells from the field) of Gambierdiscus was performed. Five Gambierdiscus species (G. australes, G. caribaeus, G. carolinianus, G. excentricus and G. silvae), together with a new putative species (Gambierdiscus ribotype 3) were identified. These results suggest that some cases of CFP in the region could be associated with the accumulation of ciguatoxins in the marine food web acquired from local populations of Gambierdiscus. This unexpected high diversity of Gambierdiscus species in an area which a priori is not under risk of ciguatera, hints at an ancient settlement of Gambierdiscus populations, likely favored by warmer climate conditions in the Miocene Epoch (when oldest current Canary Islands were created), in contrast with cooler present ones. Currently, warming trends associated with climate change could contribute to extend favorable environmental conditions in the area for Gambierdiscus growth especially during winter months.
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| 2. |
- Bravo, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Cellular and nuclear morphological variability within a single species of the toxigenic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus: Relationship to life-cycle processes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-1470 .- 1568-9883. ; 40, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Gambierdiscus are the causative agent of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). This syndrome, which is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, has recently been reported also in temperate latitudes. Taxonomic studies of Gambierdiscus have yet to completely couple the morphological features of member species with their genetics. In this study, the cellular and nuclear morphology of a single strain of one species of Gambierdiscus was determined in cells grown under different culture conditions. The results showed a wide-ranging variability of cell sizes, together with a clear relationship between cell size and nuclear morphology. Thus, small cells were associated with round to oval or slightly U-shaped nuclei and large cells with obviously U-shaped nuclei. Most cells exhibited the typical anterio-posteriorly compressed lenticular, shape of Gambierdiscus, with the exception of a few small globular-shaped specimens. In all cells, regardless of their size, the arrangement of the thecal plates was typical of lenticular Gambierdiscus. Dividing cells were consistently the largest. In these cells, nuclear morphology, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis were characterized. Cells underwent division only during the dark. period, thus demonstrating their spontaneous synchronized division. Cellular forms related to the sexual cycle were also present in the cultures and included gamete pairs and putative meiotic planozygotes. The effect of the culture medium was studied by means of principal component analyses, which showed a positive correlation between the medium used and nuclear size and shape but not cell size. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 3. |
- Dias, Nicole Geovana, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence and Use of Primary and Emergency Care : The Role of Informal Social Support
- 2020
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Ingår i: Health & Social Work. - : Oxford academic. - 0360-7283 .- 1545-6854. ; 45:2, s. 91-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social support may encourage victims to disclose their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), but also to seek the appropriate help and care in the social and health services. Using data from a multicenter European project, DOVE (Domestic Violence Against women/men in Europe-prevalence, determinants, effects, and policies/practices), the present study aimed at measuring the frequency of primary care and emergency use according to IPV types of victimization, and to investigate whether victims receiving different levels of informal social support are using health care differently. Results suggested a significant association between IPV types and use of emergency services, and no association was found regarding primary care services. Victims of physical abuse and sexual coercion went to the emergency department (ED) more frequently (more than once a year). Also, victims of physical abuse receiving low social support visited an ED more frequently than those with high social support, whereas victims of sexual coercion with high informal social support went more often to the ED compared with victims of sexual coercion with low social support, even after controlling for other covariates. These results seem to suggest that social support has a significant role in the decision to use health care among victims of IPV.
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| 4. |
- Garces, Esther, et al.
(författare)
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Parvilucifera sinerae (Alveolata, Myzozoa) is a Generalist Parasitoid of Dinoflagellates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Protist. - : Elsevier BV. - 1434-4610. ; 164:2, s. 245-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study begins with a description of the infective process in the dinoflagellate type host Alexandrium minutum by a strain of the parasitoid, Parvilucifera sinerae, including the morphologies of the various dinoflagellate and parasitoid stages during the infection. Then, the susceptibility of 433 microalgal strains to P. sinerae infection was studied. The parasitoid was found to be capable of infecting several dinoflagellate species of the genera Alexandrium, Coolia, Dinophysis, Fragilidium, Gambierdiscus, Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium, Heterocapsa, Kryptoperidinium, Lepidodinium, Ostreopsis, Pentapharsodinium, Protoceratium, Scrippsiella, and Woloszynskia. Intra-strain variability was observed as well, such that within the same dinoflagellate species some strains were infected whereas others were not. Likewise, species of other dinoflagellate genera were not infected, such as Akashiwo, Amphidinium, Barrufeta, Bysmatrum, Karenia, Karlodinium, Prorocentrum, and Takayama. Moreover, P. sinerae was not able to infect any of the tested haptophyte, diatom, and chlorophyte species. In natural samples screened for P. sinerae infectivity, several dinoflagellate species of the genera Alexandrium, Coolia, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Phalacroma, Protoperidinium, and Scrippsiella were identified as susceptible. Sporangia size was found to be proportional to the size of the host, and variations in the sporangia size were observed to influence their maturation time. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Soares, Ana Paula, et al.
(författare)
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Lexico-syntactic interactions during the processing of temporally ambiguous L2 relative clauses : An eye-tracking study with intermediate and advanced Portuguese-English bilinguals
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:5, s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is extensive evidence showing that bilinguals activate the lexical and the syntactic representations of both languages in a nonselective way. However, the extent to which the lexical and the syntactic levels of representations interact during second language (L2) sentence processing and how those interactions are modulated by L2 proficiency remain unclear. This paper aimed to directly address these issues by using an online technique (eye-tracking) that is highly sensitive to the lexical and syntactic processes involved in sentence reading. To that purpose, native-speakers of European Portuguese (EP) learning English as L2 at intermediate and advanced levels of proficiency were asked to silently read temporally ambiguous L2 relative clause (RC) sentences disambiguated with a High-Attachment (HA) or Low-Attachment (LA) strategy while their eye-movements were monitored. Since EP and English native speakers differ in the way they process and comprehend this syntactic structure (EP: HA, English: LA), HA preferences were used as a marker of L1 RC syntax interference. Additionally, the cognate status of the complex NP that preceded the RC was manipulated to further analyze how the lexical co-activation of both languages would also affect the syntactic representations of the non-target (L1) language. Results showed cognate facilitation in early and late reading time measures regardless of L2 proficiency, and also that the cognate status of the complex NP impacted L2 reading performance, particularly at lower levels of L2 proficiency. These findings provide compelling evidence for a bilingual reading system that seems to be highly dynamic and interactive not only within each level of processing, but, importantly, across levels of representation. They also suggested that, as the level of L2 proficiency increases, L1 RC syntax interference becomes stronger, in a syntactic parser that seems to operate in a more integrated and nonselective way, with both strategies being equally available to guide L2 reading comprehension. Results are discussed attending to the current models of bilingual syntactic processing.
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