| 1. |
- Franc, Niklas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Factors and scales potentially important for saproxylic beetles in temperate mixed oak forest
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 135:1, s. 86-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of environmental factors on species richness and species composition may be manifested at different spatial levels. Exploring these relationships is important to understand at which spatial scales certain species and organism groups become sensitive to fragmentation and changes in habitat quality. At different spatial scales we evaluated the potential influence of 45 factors (multiple regression, PCA) on saproxylic oak beetles in 21 smaller broadleaved Swedish forests of conservation importance (woodland key habitats, WKH). Local amount of dead wood in forests is often assumed to be important, but two landscape variables, area of oak dominated woodland key habitats within 1 km of sites and regional amount of dead oak wood, were the main (and strong) predictors of variation in local species richness of oak beetles. The result was similar for red-listed beetles associated with oak. Species composition of the beetles was also best predicted by area of oak woodland key habitat within 1 km, with canopy closure as the second predictor. Despite suitable local quality of the woodland key habitats, the density of such habitat patches may in many areas be too low for long-term protection of saproxylic beetles associated with broadleaved temperate forests. Landscapes with many clustered woodland key habitats rich in oak should have high priority for conservation of saproxylic oak beetles.
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| 2. |
- Franc, Niklas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Openness in management: Hands-off vs partial cutting in conservation forests, and the response of beetles
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 141:9, s. 2310-2321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The appropriate management of forest reserves is debated; two major alternatives are succession to ‘wild’ state, or management to produce semi-open stands. For temperate conservation stands, there are no strong experiments replicated at landscape level. In each of 22 forests rich in oaks (Quercus spp.) in Sweden, we set up a closed-canopy wild plot (1 ha), and a cutting plot (1 ha) to produce semi-open conditions, studying them before and after cutting. About 25% of the tree basal area was cut (large trees and dead wood retained) and harvested as bio-fuel, a CO2 – neutral energy source. We examined the response of beetles and trapped 59,000 individuals (1174 species; 100 red-listed species). For both the guild of herbivorous beetles (222 species) and of saproxylic beetles connected to oak wood (267 species), species richness increased by about 35% in the harvested plots, relative to the wild reference plots. Species composition within the groups changed, though not strongly. Thirteen saproxylic species of 50 analysed, and three herbivores of 12 increased in cutting plots. For red-listed saproxylic beetles, species richness did not change significantly. Regression analyses suggest that more open cutting plots disfavour the red-listed beetles of this forest type. Thus, partial cutting increased species diversity of two beetle groups, probably due to changed microclimate and increase in herbaceous plants, but some red-listed saproxylic beetles may be disfavoured. A hands-off alternative may through storms and other disturbances produce open patches, more dead wood, and favour some species. Combinations of these alternatives, carefully planned at the landscape level, need to be considered.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Are small sedentary species affected by habitat fragmentation? Local vs. landscape factors predicting species richness and composition of land molluscs in Swedish conservation forests
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270. ; 35:6, s. 1062-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate the relative role of local versus landscape factors for local species diversity of snails and slugs in conservation forests. In landscapes with small, isolated patches of semi-natural habitats, many species that require large habitat areas have disappeared or are threatened. We asked whether small sedentary taxa that depend on local conditions, such as molluscs, are affected if total habitat area decreases in the landscape. Location Temperate broadleaved and oak-rich forest in southern Sweden. Methods We sampled molluscs in 25 small conservation forests that are well-spaced out over a large region. In each forest, sampling was conducted in two plots, each of 1 ha, separated by about 25–100 m. Factors potentially influencing local diversity of molluscs were measured in the plots and in the surrounding landscape at different scales (in space and time) and were analysed by stepwise multiple regression and ordination (PCA and NMS). Results We recorded 53 species, and mean species richness per forest (plots pooled) was 22.6. The pH of the plant litter predicted both species richness and composition; other local (plot) factors of lower importance were canopy openness, stony ground and tree species. The area of conservation forest (woodland key habitat) within 10 km of plots was positively associated with species richness, and was also related to species composition. Openness of the landscape (agriculture) was a negative factor, but historical plot openness (1938–59) seemed to be unimportant. In addition, climate/topography (temperature and altitude) also predicted species composition of the sites. Main conclusions We rejected the hypothesis that microhabitat factors alone, or mainly, determine local species richness and composition of land molluscs. These representatives of small, sedentary organisms seem to be substantially influenced by the surrounding landscape, which should be considered in conservation work and in plans for the protection of forest biodiversity.
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| 5. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvårdsgallring, vad är det?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - 1401-5064. ; 2009:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fri utveckling, bete och gallring är huvudalternativen för naturvård i värdefulla lövbestånd. Principen är att grundinventera, sätta upp mål, spara gamla träd och lämna död ved.
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| 6. |
- Kurina, Olavi, et al.
(författare)
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Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excl. Sciaridae) in the Swedish boreonemoral forests
- 2004
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Ingår i: Studia dipterologica. ; 11:2, s. 471-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungus gnats in boreonemoral forests of south Sweden are studied using material collected with Malaise and window traps from 17 localities in the years 2001 and 2002. 250 species are recorded including 76 species new to Sweden. 14 of these are found in Fennoscandia for the first time: Docosia setosa Landrock, D. spec. (indet. sensu Hutson et al. 1980), Brevicornu cognatum Ostroverkhova, Mycetophila eppingensis Chandler, M. lobulata A. Zaitzev, M. pyrenaica Matile, M. subsigillata A. Zaitzev, Sceptonia cryptocauda Chandler, S. flavipuncta Edwards, S. longisetosa Ševcik, S. pilosa Bukowski, S. pughi Chandler, Sciophila interrupta (Winnertz) and S. plurisetosa Edwards. One new synonym is proposed: Dynatosoma dihaeta Polevoi, 1995 = Dynatosoma schachti Plassmann, 1999 syn. nov.
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| 7. |
- Paltto, Heidi, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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At which spatial and temporal scales does landscape context affect local density of Red Data Book and Indicator species?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 133:4, s. 442-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The landscape context is crucial for forest conservation in regions where the natural forest is fragmented. The focus of practical conservation is currently shifting from local stands to a landscape perspective, but few studies have tested the relative effect of different spatial and temporal scales for occurrence and persistence of species of conservation concern. We studied Red Data Book and Indicator species (the latter proposed to indicate presence of Red Data Book species) of vascular plants, lichens, bryophytes and wood-inhabiting fungi in 22 old temperate broadleaved forests in southern Sweden. We analysed at which scales these species respond to habitat proportion in surrounding landscape. The proportion of suitable habitat was measured at two temporal scales (present-day and historic) and at two spatial scales (about 0-1 km and 1-5 kin of study sites). Local density of Red Data Book species increased with increasing proportion of suitable habitat in the current landscape (within 1-5 km of study sites) while Indicator species were unaffected. The response to landscape differed between organism groups. Vascular plants (near significantly) and wood-inhabiting fungi showed a time delay of 120 years in their response, indicating a possible regional extinction debt. An appropriate minimum landscape scale for conservation of Red Data Book species in temperate broadleaved forests in Sweden seems to be about 5 kin (radius), but smaller landscapes may be important for vascular plants and wood-inhabiting fungi of conservation concern. In addition, restoration is urgent to counteract the effect of time delays in species responses to recent habitat loss. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Økland, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Regional diversity of mycetophilids (Diptera : Sciaroidea) in Scandinavian oak-dominated forests
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 121:1, s. 9-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycetophilids is a species-rich insect group for which the ecological requirements in temperate forests are poorly understood. This study of mycetophilids was based on trap samples from 15 oak-dominated sites in the boreonemoral zone of southern Sweden. Species richness and composition were analysed in relation to environmental variables at a local and at larger scales (multiple regression), and compared to results from similar studies in spruce-dominated sites in the boreal zone of Norway (PCA and two-sample t tests). Regressions showing a dominance of regional factors over local in-site variables agree with species-richness models assuming that local communities most often are unsaturated. Precipitation (inter-correlated with elevation) was the strongest factor for explaining the variation in species-richness, which is consistent with previous results indicating that mycetophilids are disfavoured by drought. In addition to precipitation, the area of mixed forest with high biodiversity values (woodland key habitats and protected areas) was a positive factor for species-richness, probably because such habitats combine elements of both coniferous and deciduous forests. PCA ordination revealed a clear separation of the species composition between boreal and boreonemoral forests. Species-richness in boreal forest was significantly higher than in boreonemoral forest, indicating a preference for boreal habitats in many of the species. For mycetophilids and other drought-sensitive insects, it is suggested that (partial) cutting in some dense successional oak stands should be avoided, and that some invading spruces should be tolerated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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