| 1. |
- Dima, Danai, et al.
(författare)
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Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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| 2. |
- Armus, Lee, et al.
(författare)
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GOALS-JWST: Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of the Nucleus of NGC 7469
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 942:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nucleus of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 taken with the MIRI instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of Directors Discretionary Time Early Release Science program 1328. The high-resolution nuclear spectrum contains 19 emission lines covering a wide range of ionization. The high-ionization lines show broad, blueshifted emission reaching velocities up to 1700 km s−1 and FWHM ranging from ∼500 to 1100 km s−1. The width of the broad emission and the broad-to-narrow line flux ratios correlate with ionization potential. The results suggest a decelerating, stratified, AGN-driven outflow emerging from the nucleus. The estimated mass outflow rate is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than the current black hole accretion rate needed to power the AGN. Eight pure rotational H2 emission lines are detected with intrinsic widths ranging from FWHM ∼125 to 330 km s−1. We estimate a total mass of warm H2 gas of ∼1.2 × 107 M ⊙ in the central 100 pc. The PAH features are extremely weak in the nuclear spectrum, but a 6.2 μm PAH feature with an equivalent width of ∼0.07 μm and a flux of 2.7 × 10−17 W m−2 is detected. The spectrum is steeply rising in the mid-infrared, with a silicate strength of ∼0.02, significantly smaller than seen in most PG QSOs but comparable to other Seyfert 1s. These early MIRI mid-infrared IFU data highlight the power of JWST to probe the multiphase interstellar media surrounding actively accreting supermassive black holes.
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| 3. |
- Baccarani, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia : 2013
- 2013
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 122:6, s. 872-884
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, particularly regarding tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mandate regular updating of concepts and management. A European LeukemiaNet expert panel reviewed prior and new studies to update recommendations made in 2009. We recommend as initial treatment imatinib, nilotinib, or dasatinib. Response is assessed with standardized real quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or cytogenetics at 3, 6, and 12 months. BCR-ABL1 transcript levels <= 10% at 3 months, <1% at 6 months, and <= 0.1% from 12 months onward define optimal response, whereas >10% at 6 months and >1% from 12 months onward define failure, mandating a change in treatment. Similarly, partial cytogenetic response (PCyR) at 3 months and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) from 6 months onward define optimal response, whereas no CyR (Philadelphia chromosome-positive [Ph1]>95%) at 3 months, less than PCyR at 6 months, and less than CCyR from 12 months onward define failure. Between optimal and failure, there is an intermediate warning zone requiring more frequent monitoring. Similar definitions are provided for response to second-line therapy. Specific recommendations are made for patients in the accelerated and blastic phases, and for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Optimal responders should continue therapy indefinitely, with careful surveillance, or they can be enrolled in controlled studies of treatment discontinuation once a deeper molecular response is achieved. (Blood. 2013; 122(6):872-884)
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| 4. |
- Bianchin, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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GOALS-JWST: Gas Dynamics and Excitation in NGC 7469 Revealed by NIRSpec
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 965:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new JWST NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data for the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 7469, a nearby (70.6 Mpc) active galaxy with a Seyfert 1.5 nucleus that drives a highly ionized gas outflow and a prominent nuclear star-forming ring. Using the superb sensitivity and high spatial resolution of the JWST instrument NIRSpec IFS, we investigate the role of the Seyfert nucleus in the excitation and dynamics of the circumnuclear gas. Our analysis focuses on the [Fe ii], H2, and hydrogen recombination lines that trace the radiation/shocked-excited molecular and ionized interstellar medium around the active galactic nucleus (AGN). We investigate gas excitation through H2/Brγ and [Fe ii]/Paβ emission line ratios and find that photoionization by the AGN dominates within the central 300 pc of the galaxy except in a small region that shows signatures of shock-heated gas; these shock-heated regions are likely associated with a compact radio jet. In addition, the velocity field and velocity dispersion maps reveal complex gas kinematics. Rotation is the dominant feature, but we also identify noncircular motions consistent with gas inflows as traced by the velocity residuals and the spiral pattern in the Paα velocity dispersion map. The inflow is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the AGN accretion rate. The compact nuclear radio jet has enough power to drive the highly ionized outflow. This scenario suggests that the inflow and outflow are in a self-regulating feeding-feedback process, with a contribution from the radio jet helping to drive the outflow.
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| 5. |
- Candido-dos-Reis, Francisco J, et al.
(författare)
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Germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and ten-year survival for women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 21:3, s. 7-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 on mortality in patients with ovarian cancer up to 10 years after diagnosis.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used unpublished survival time data for 2,242 patients from two case-control studies and extended survival time data for 4,314 patients from previously reported studies. All participants had been screened for deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Survival time was analyzed for the combined data using Cox proportional hazard models with BRCA1 and BRCA2 as time-varying covariates. Competing risks were analyzed using Fine and Gray model.RESULTS: The combined 10-year overall survival rate was 30% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28%-31%] for non-carriers, 25% (95% CI, 22%-28%) for BRCA1 carriers, and 35% (95% CI, 30%-41%) for BRCA2 carriers. The HR for BRCA1 was 0.53 at time zero and increased over time becoming greater than one at 4.8 years. For BRCA2, the HR was 0.42 at time zero and increased over time (predicted to become greater than 1 at 10.5 years). The results were similar when restricted to 3,202 patients with high-grade serous tumors and to ovarian cancer-specific mortality.CONCLUSIONS: BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with better short-term survival, but this advantage decreases over time and in BRCA1 carriers is eventually reversed. This may have important implications for therapy of both primary and relapsed disease and for analysis of long-term survival in clinical trials of new agents, particularly those that are effective in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
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| 6. |
- Ewald, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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The formant dynamics of long close vowels in three varieties of Swedish
- 2017
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Ingår i: Interspeech 2017. - 1990-9772. ; , s. 1412-1416
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares the acoustic realisation of /i: y: ʉ: u:/ in three varieties of Swedish: Central Swedish, Estonian Swedish, and Finland Swedish. Vowel tokens were extracted from isolated words produced by six elderly female speakers from each variety. Trajectories of the first three formants were modelled with discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, enabling the comparison of the formant means as well as the direction and magnitude of the formant movement. Cross-dialectal differences were found in all measures and in all vowels. The most noteworthy feature of the Estonian Swedish long close vowel inventory is the lack of /y:/. For Finland Swedish it was shown that /i:/ and /y:/ are more close than in Central Swedish. The realisation of /ʉ:/ varies from front in Central Swedish, to central in Estonian Swedish, and back in Finland Swedish. On average, the Central Swedish vowels exhibited a higher degree of formant movement than the vowels in the other two varieties. In the present study, regional variation in Swedish vowels was for the first time investigated using DCT coefficients. The results stress the importance of taking formant dynamics into account even in the analysis of nominal monophthongs.
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| 7. |
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Exploring education and professional practice : Through the lens of practice architectures
- 2017. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book was written to help people understand and transform education and professional practice. It presents and extends the theory of practice architectures, and offers a contemporary account of what practices are composed of and how practices shape and are shaped by the arrangements with which they are enmeshed in sites of practice. Through its empirically-based case chapters, the book demonstrates how the theory of practice architectures can be used as a theoretical, analytical, and transformational resource to generate insights that have important implications for practice, theory, policy, and research in education and professional practice. These insights relate to how practices are shaped by arrangements (and other practices) present in specific sites of practice, including early childhood educationsettings, schools, adult education, and workplaces. They also relate to how practices create distinctive intersubjective spaces, so that people encounter one another in particular ways (a) in particular semantic spaces, (b) that are realised in particular locations and durations in physical space-time, and (c) in particular social spaces. By applying such insights, readers can work towards changing practices by transforming the practice architectures that make them possible.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Forssten Seiser, Anette, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of critical praxis through professional learning : Enablers and constraints
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- General description on reserach questions, objectives and theoretical framworkProfessional learning is vital for the development of educators and for the development of a strong educational system (Opfer & Pedder, 2011). This research project investigates the development of critical praxis (reflection and action for positive change) through a professional development program. Drawing on the work of Freire, and using the theory of practice architectures (Kemmis et al., 2014), the research considers the professional learning of English speaking teachers and school leaders involved in a long-term professional development program in Hong Kong. In a previous article based on three research projects across two countries and three different education sectors (Francisco, Forssten Seiser & Grice 2021), we identified trust, power and agency as the key themes impacting on the development of critical praxis. We continue to explore these themes in this work. According to Aristotle, praxis is a morally committed action in which, and through which, values are given practical expression (Carr, 2009). Kemmis and Smith (2008) consider praxis as ‘what people do when they take into account all the circumstances and exigencies that confront them at a particular moment and then, taking the broadest view they can of what is best to do, they act’ (p. 4). Mahon et al. (2020) argue that educational praxis is forming, self-forming and transforming. It is forming in the sense that educators are involved in supporting the formation of people and of society (Kemmis et al. 2014). It is self-forming in that educators are reflexive and reflective in their praxis informed actions. It is transforming in that educators with a praxis informed approach will transform people and sites through their actions. The research is framed and analysed using the theory of practice architectures (TPA). This theory identifies practice as “a socially established cooperative human activity involving utterances and forms of understandings (sayings), modes of action (doings), and ways in which people relate to one another and the world (relatings) that ‘hang together’ in characteristic ways in a distinctive ‘project’” (Mahon et al. 2017, p 7-8). Practices are enabled and constrained by site-based arrangements: the practice architectures. The research discussed in this presentation explores how educators develop critical praxis (reflection and action for positive change) during formal professional learning experiences and in informal spaces, and the factors that enable and constrain its development. Specific research questions are: what practice architectures enabled and constrained the development critical praxis in a long-term professional learning program; and in what ways is the professional learning forming, self-forming and transforming? Methods/methodologyUsing a qualitative research approach, we invited convenors and participants involved in a large professional learning program to participate in the research. The professional development program was offered to teachers and leaders across more than twenty English speaking schools in Hong Kong. The authors of this paper were not involved in providing the professional development program. Data collection includes audio/video recording of professional learning sessions for the group; interviews with the course convenors of the program; and interviews with individuals in the group. The interviews use a combination of photo elicitation (IbanNez, 2004) and elements of an ‘interview to the double’ (Nicolini, 2009) process. Participants are asked to bring five photographs to the interviews that they felt represented their learning throughout the professional development program. For the purposes of preparedness and transparency, indicative questions which form the basis of the interviews will be shared with the participants prior to the interview taking place to reduce potential stress (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The content is within the boundaries of the participants’ professional roles and confined to their experience as an educator. Interviews will be transcribed and the transcriptions provided to participants for comment and/or change prior to being incorporated with other data from analysis. Reputation risk of schools is minimised by schools and individuals not being named or identifiable. Analysis will be undertaken in two stages. Firstly, thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2021) in relation to the research questions. This will be followed by analysis using the theory of practice architectures.Expected outcomes/resultsBroadly, expected outcomes relate to a better understanding of specific practices in formal and informal learning spaces that enable and constrain the sustainable impact of a professional learning program rooted in a philosophy of critical praxis and how that critical praxis is developed over time. Findings relate explicitly to the research questions and the ways that critical praxis was developed through the period of the professional development program. Also, the practice architectures that enabled and constrained that development. Specifically, this includes issues associated with agency, power, and trust. Other factors related to the development of critical praxis are also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Francisco, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Professional Learning for Praxis Development
- 2024
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Ingår i: Professional Development in Education.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Special Issue began taking shape in the editors’ minds during a presentation by the editors of Professional Development in Education at the 2019 European Conference for Educational Research (ECER). The presentation made the argument that too much of what was written about in relation to professional learning (PL) or professional development (PD) was related to ‘what happens’ in particular instances of PL/PD. They called for more work to be done on theorising PL/PD, and using theory to analyse and better understand PL/PD. We see this Special Issue as responding to that call. We live in critical times, change is an inherent component of education, and ongoing professional learning is crucial for educators. We need to continue to ask ‘professional learning for what?’. We argue that to transform education to support a socially just and sustainable society we need professional learning for praxis development. Such professional learning is multi-faceted and complex. Through identification of power and solidarity, trust, recognition, agency and time as important elements of professional learning for praxis development, this Special Issue goes some way toward developing a better understanding of this complexity. It provides some examples of approaches for addressing these elements across a range of contexts and career levels. Each of the articles – explicitly and/or implicitly – address the relational aspects of professional learning.
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