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| 2. |
- Abdesselam, A., et al.
(författare)
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Boosted objects : a probe of beyond the standard model physics
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:6, s. 1661-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the report of the hadronic working group of the BOOST2010 workshop held at the University of Oxford in June 2010. The first part contains a review of the potential of hadronic decays of highly boosted particles as an aid for discovery at the LHC and a discussion of the status of tools developed to meet the challenge of reconstructing and isolating these topologies. In the second part, we present new results comparing the performance of jet grooming techniques and top tagging algorithms on a common set of benchmark channels. We also study the sensitivity of jet substructure observables to the uncertainties in Monte Carlo predictions.
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| 3. |
- Feng, Shaohong, et al.
(författare)
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Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4). Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference(5), and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species. A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.
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| 4. |
- Brogaard, K., et al.
(författare)
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The blue straggler V106 in NGC 6791 : a prototype progenitor of old single giants masquerading as young
- 2018
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 481:4, s. 5062-5072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determine the properties of the binary star V106 in the old open cluster NGC 6791. We identify the system to be a blue straggler cluster member by using a combination of ground-based and Kepler photometry and multi-epoch spectroscopy. The properties of the primary component are found to be M-p similar to 1.67 M-circle dot, more massive than the cluster turn-off, with R-p similar to 1.91 R-circle dot and T-eff = 7110 +/- 100 K. The secondary component is highly oversized and overluminous for its low mass with M-s similar to 0.182 M-circle dot, R-s similar to 0.864 R-circle dot, and T-eff = 6875 +/- 200 K. We identify this secondary star as a bloated (proto) extremely low-mass helium white dwarf. These properties of V106 suggest that it represents a typical Algol-paradox system and that it evolved through a mass-transfer phase, which provides insight into its past evolution. We present a detailed binary stellar evolution model for the formation of V106 using the MESA code and find that the mass-transfer phase only ceased about 40 Myr ago. Due to the short orbital period (P = 1.4463 d), another mass-transfer phase is unavoidable once the current primary star evolves towards the red giant phase. We argue that V106 will evolve through a common-envelope phase within the next 100 Myr and merge to become a single overmassive giant. The high mass will make it appear young for its true age, which is revealed by the cluster properties. Therefore, V106 is potentially a prototype progenitor of old field giants masquerading as young.
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| 5. |
- Brogaard, K., et al.
(författare)
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The blue straggler V106 in NGC6791 : A prototype progenitor of old single giants masquerading as young
- 2018
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711. ; 481:4, s. 5062-5072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determine the properties of the binary star V106 in the old open cluster NGC6791. We identify the system to be a blue straggler cluster member by using a combination of groundbased and Kepler photometry and multi-epoch spectroscopy. The properties of the primary component are found to be Mp ~ 1.67M⊙, more massive than the cluster turn-off, with Rp ~ 1.91R⊙ and Teff = 7110 ± 100 K. The secondary component is highly oversized and overluminous for its low mass with Ms ~ 0.182M⊙, R⊙ ~ 0.864R⊙, and T⊙ =6875±200 K. We identify this secondary star as a bloated (proto) extremely low-mass helium white dwarf. These properties of V106 suggest that it represents a typical Algol-paradox system and that it evolved through a mass-transfer phase, which provides insight into its past evolution. We present a detailed binary stellar evolution model for the formation of V106 using the MESA code and find that the mass-transfer phase only ceased about 40 Myr ago. Due to the short orbital period (P = 1.4463 d), another mass-transfer phase is unavoidable once the current primary star evolves towards the red giant phase. We argue that V106 will evolve through a common-envelope phase within the next 100 Myr and merge to become a single overmassive giant. The high mass will make it appear young for its true age, which is revealed by the cluster properties. Therefore, V106 is potentially a prototype progenitor of old field giants masquerading as young.
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| 6. |
- Hansen, Lea B.S., et al.
(författare)
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A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, The Author(s). Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.
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| 7. |
- Lund, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Sustained postprandial decrease in plasma levels of LDL cholesterol in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 68:7, s. 628-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective . Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an independent and modifiable risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Postprandial lipid metabolism has been linked to CVD, but little is known about the postprandial LDL-C profile in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to study the postprandial levels of LDL-C in T2DM patients. Material and methods . After an overnight fast, 74 T2DM patients, mean age approximately 60 years, were served a standard fat-rich meal of 3,515 kJ containing 54 % fat, 13 % protein and 33 % carbohydrates. Only drinking water was allowed postprandially. Blood samples were drawn at times 0 (fasting), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 h (postprandial). In all samples, LDL-C was measured with modified beta quantification (separation by ultracentrifugation followed by measurement of infranate high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLD-C) using a homogeneous assay). Results . At all postprandial times, levels of LDL-C showed highly significant (p<0.005) decreases compared to time 0 (mean [95 % CI] maximum change in LDL-C levels at 3.0 h: -0.16 mmol/L [-0.12; -0.20]; p<0.001). Independently of fasting LDL-C levels and ongoing statin therapy, LDL-C decreased significantly more in female compared to male patients postprandially (mean [95 % CI] maximum unadjusted change versus time 0 in LDL-C for men [n=56] at 3.0 h: -0.14 mmol/L [-0.19; -0.10], p<0.001; for women [n=18] at 4.5 h: -0.26 mmol/L [-0.35; -0.18], p<0.001; -0.14 mmol/L [-0.24; -0.05], p=0.005 between genders for the mean [95 % CI] fasting adjusted difference at 4.5 h in the change versus time 0 in LDL-C; gender by time interaction: p=0.007 (repeated measures mixed model)). Conclusions . In T2DM patients served a fat-rich meal, levels of LDL-C decreased significantly more in women compared to men postprandially, irrespective of fasting levels or ongoing statin therapy. This might have implications in the atherosclerotic process and on any difference in the risk of CVD between genders.
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| 9. |
- Sheldon, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Variable influx of West Greenland Current water into the Labrador Current through the last 7200 years : a multiproxy record from Trinity Bay (NE Newfoundland)
- 2015
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Ingår i: arktos. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2364-9453 .- 2364-9461. ; 1:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multiproxy study of marine sediment gravity core AI07-06G from Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, recorded changes in the strength of the Labrador Current (LC) during the Holocene. From ca. 7.2–5.7 cal kyr BP, Trinity Bay’s seafloor was influenced by cooled Atlantic water derived from the West Greenland Current (WGC) Davis Strait branch, merging into the relatively cold LC. This Atlantic water influence gradually decreased after ca. 5.7 cal kyr BP, reaching a minimum at ca. 4.9 cal kyr BP. In contrast, surface temperatures were relatively low due to cold surface water dominated by sea ice and meltwater carried south by the LC. Icebergs from outlet glaciers around Baffin Bay were abundant in the LC prior to ca. 5.5 cal kyr BP. From ca. 4.9–2.9 cal kyr BP, bottom waters became slightly colder and salinity decreased, as increased mixing of the water column brought less saline surface waters towards the seafloor. This may be explained by a weaker North Atlantic subpolar gyre, transporting less Atlantic water from the WGC to the (outer) LC. Arctic meltwater transport was reduced as glacial melting decreased at the end of the Holocene Thermal Optimum. At ca. 2.9 cal kyr BP, bottom waters returned to colder, more stable conditions, indicating a slight decrease in bottom-water ventilation. After ca. 2.1 cal kyr BP, surface water temperatures dropped and sea ice flux increased. The seafloor of Trinity Bay saw warmer conditions, consistent with a stronger subpolar gyre and increased influx of Atlantic-sourced water.
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