| 1. |
- Andersson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Walking football for Health - physiological response to playing and characteristics of the players.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science and medicine in football. - : Routledge. - 2473-3938 .- 2473-4446. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walking Football (WF) is one type of recreational football increasing in popularity, targeting older adults. Further knowledge on the intensity and physical workload of WF, characteristics of the players, the social context, and reasons for playing WF is needed. Thus, the aim of the study was to characterize the individuals that regularly play WF and their experience of WF, and the physiological characteristics of the sport. Sixty-three players from three clubs taking part in organised WF in Sweden were included. The players participated in up to four WF-games and underwent performance tests and answered a questionnaire. The participants mean age was 70.9 years, ranging from 63 to 85 years with 71% (n = 27) of the men and 68% (n = 13) of the women having a BMI > 25. Fifty-one percent (n = 27) of the players had hypertension, and 73% (n = 39) regularly used prescription drugs due to illness. During WF, the players covered on average 2,409 m (2,509 m for men and 2,205 m for women, p = .001). Expressed in percentage of their age-estimated maximal heart rate, mean heart rate represented 80 ± 9 and 80 ± 8% of max for men, and 78 ± 9 and 79 ± 9% of max for women in the first and second halves, respectively, hence WF can be considered a moderate intensity activity for older adults. The main reason for WF participation was to socialize. WF includes a considerable number of accelerations and decelerations, making it more energetically and mechanically demanding than walking.
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| 2. |
- Barker-Ruchti, Natalie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Don't buy a pig in a poke: Considering challenges of and problems with performance analysis technologies in Swedish men's elite football
- 2021
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Ingår i: Performance Enhancement and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2669. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades, technologies to monitor, test and analyze athletes’ performance and health have rapidly developed. At present, global positioning systems (GPS), stadium camcorders, heart rate monitors and mobile applications are prominent performance analysis technologies (PATs) used in most elite sport environments. While PATs is understood as an aid, there is a growing body of literature that points to negative consequences. These negative consequences are concerning and call for research and measures to develop strategies for effective and productive implementation. To achieve this, this article first outlines key challenges and problems of PATs, using sport sociological research on coaching and athletes, historical knowledge of the scientization of training and the changing role of the coach, as well as scientific and experiential knowledge of performance analysis. Our findings show that key challenges and problems occur in a chain of six steps that concern the implementing of PATs: 1. Investment in PATs; 2. Production of performance data; 3. Interpretation of performance data; 4. Communication of performance data; 5. Decision-making based on performance data; and 6. Influence of PATs on coaches and athletes. The article then answers these challenges and problems by outlining recommendations for how sport managers and administrators can prevent buying “a pig in a poke” by acquiring competence about performance analysis and PATs, investing time, and developing effective communication between those working with PATs. © 2021 The Author(s)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fransson, Dan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue Responses in Various Muscle Groups in Well-Trained Competitive Male Players after a Simulated Soccer Game
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Kinetics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1640-5544 .- 1899-7562. ; 61, s. 85-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the degree of post-game fatigue and the recovery pattern in various leg and upper-body muscle groups after a simulated soccer game. Well-trained competitive male soccer players (n = 12) participated in the study. The players completed the Copenhagen Soccer Test, a 2 x 45 min simulated soccer protocol, following baseline measures of maximal voluntary contractions of multiple muscle groups and systemic markers of muscle damage and inflammation at 0, 24 and 48 h into recovery. All muscle groups had a strength decrement (p ≤ 0.05) at 0 h post-match with knee flexors (14 ± 3%) and hip abductors (6 ± 1%) demonstrating the largest and smallest impairment. However, 24 h into recovery all individual muscles had recovered. When pooled in specific muscle groups, the trunk muscles and knee joint muscles presented the largest decline 0 h post-match, 11 ± 2% for both, with the performance decrement still persistent (4 ± 1%, p ≤ 0.05) for trunk muscles 24 h into recovery. Large inter-player variations were observed in game-induced fatigue and recovery patterns in the various muscle groups. Markers of muscle damage and inflammation peaked 0 h post-match (myoglobin) and 24 h into recovery (creatine kinase), respectively, but thereafter returned to baseline. Intermittent test performance correlated with creatine kinase activity 24 h after the Copenhagen Soccer Test (r = -0.70; p = 0.02). In conclusion, post-game fatigue is evident in multiple muscle groups with knee flexors showing the greatest performance decrement. Fatigue and recovery patterns vary markedly between muscle groups and players, yet trunk muscles display the slowest recovery.
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| 5. |
- Fransson, Dan, 1980
(författare)
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Game demands and fatigue profiles in elite football – an individual approach -Implications for training and recovery strategies
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The physical activities performed during a football game are of intermittent prolonged character, including explosive actions and running at different speeds. The prolonged intermittent activities are conjoined with periods where physical intensity is markedly increased. The intense periods and prolonged activities affect the physiological and metabolic systems which provoke fatigue both temporarily throughout the game as well as towards the end of a game. Therefore, physical training in football should aim to reach physiological and metabolic adaptations to be able to resist fatigue in order to perform optimally throughout the game. Furthermore, post-game recovery and restoration of performance seems to be a slow process. Physical game demands, training responses and recovery can vary largely between players and needs to be studied with individual emphasis. The aim of the thesis is to improve the understanding of physical game demands, fatigue profiles in male elite football players with an emphasis on individual differences and implications for fitness training strategies. Running distance and in-game fatigue profiles were investigated through an analysis of game activity data from top-class football players (n = 473). Post-game fatigue and recovery profiles were examined using maximum voluntary contraction in various muscle groups after a simulated football model in competitive players (n = 12). Inter-individual relations between physical game demands and physical response in different small-sided game formats were investigated with global positioning system techniques on professional players (n = 45). Finally, muscular adaptations and physical performance responses of two different training protocols (four weeks of small-sided games or speed endurance training) were examined by means of pre- and post-intervention muscle biopsies and performance tests on 39 competitive football players. The results demonstrated that all playing positions indicate temporary fatigue after intense periods during a football game. However, after shorter intense periods central defenders were the only position that did not show a decline in running performance. A large inter-player variation in running performance between and within playing positions was found. Post-game fatigue showed large inter-player differences between various muscle groups and between players. Muscle performance in all investigated groups had recovered within 24 hours post-game except trunk-muscles, which was back to baseline values within 48 hours post-game. The physical response in small-sided game formats differed from game demands on an individual level. High intensity training was more potent in up-regulating muscle oxidative capacity and physical performance compared to small-sided games. In conclusion, individual differences in game demands and fatigue profiles are large and need to be considered when planning training. Small-sided games seem not to be the most appropriate training method to meet the individual game demands of all individual players. Thus, in order to increase exercise performance and associated physiological adaptations, additional high-intensity training should be considered for some individual football players.
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| 6. |
- Fransson, Dan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Running intensity fluctuations indicate temporary performance decrement in top-class football
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science and Medicine in Football. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2473-3938 .- 2473-4446. ; 1:1, s. 10-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Match analyses were performed on 473 top-class male footballers. Distances covered during peak-distance 1-, 2- and 5-min periods of a game were 98 ± 5, 135 ± 8 and 235 ± 13 m at speeds >14 km·h−1. In the 5-min period following peak-distance 1-, 2- and 5-min periods, players had a high-intensity running distance deficit (P < 0.05) of 21, 18 and 17 m, respectively, compared to average 5-min distance. High-intensity running distances covered in peak-distance 5- and 1-min periods were greater (P < 0.05) for all playing positions other than central defender. In the 5-min period following the peak-distance 5-min period, less (P < 0.05) high-intensity distance was covered for all playing positions than in the average 5-min period. Distances covered by substitutes during the last 15 min of a game at speeds >11->24 km·h−1 were greater (18–39%; P < 0.05) compared to full-game players. In 5-min period following peak-distance 1-, 2- and 5-min periods, substitutes performed 9–21% less high intensity running than on average. In conclusion, peak-distance 1-, 2- and 5-min periods in a top-class football game reduce high-intensity running distance in the following 5-min period for all playing positions in both full-game players and substitutes. Thus, these short-term periods of a game may induce temporary performance decrement in top-class football players
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| 7. |
- Fransson, Dan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players : speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 118:1, s. 111-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the skeletal muscle and performance responses across two different exercise training modalities which are highly applied in soccer training. Using an RCT design, 39 well-trained male soccer players were randomized into either a speed endurance training (SET; n = 21) or a small-sided game group (SSG; n = 18). Over 4 weeks, thrice weekly, SET performed 6-10 x 30-s all-out runs with 3-min recovery, while SSG completed 2 x 7-9-min small-sided games with 2-min recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis pre and post intervention and were subsequently analysed for metabolic enzyme activity and muscle protein expression. Moreover, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) was performed. Muscle CS maximal activity increased (P < 0.05) by 18% in SET only, demonstrating larger (P < 0.05) improvement than SSG, while HAD activity increased (P < 0.05) by 24% in both groups. Na+-K+ ATPase alpha(1) subunit protein expression increased (P < 0.05) in SET and SSG (19 and 37%, respectively), while MCT4 protein expression rose (P < 0.05) by 30 and 61% in SET and SSG, respectively. SOD2 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 28 and 37% in SET and SSG, respectively, while GLUT-4 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 40% in SSG only. Finally, SET displayed 39% greater improvement (P < 0.05) in Yo-Yo IR2 performance than SSG. Speed endurance training improved muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance more pronouncedly than small-sided game training, but comparable responses were in muscle ion transporters and antioxidative capacity in well-trained male soccer players.
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| 8. |
- Lignell, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of high-intensity skating in top-class ice-hockey match-play in relation to training status and muscle damage.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - 1064-8011. ; 32:5, s. 1303-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignell, E, Fransson, D, Krustrup, P, and Mohr, M. Analysis of high-intensity skating in top-class ice hockey match-play in relation to training status and muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1303-1310, 2018-We examined high-intensity activities in a top-class ice-hockey game and the effect of training status. Male ice-hockey players (n = 36) from the National Hockey League participated. Match analysis was performed during a game and physical capacity was assessed by a submaximal Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Ice-hockey test, level 1 (YYIR1-IHSUB). Venous blood samples were collected 24-hour post-game to determine markers of muscle damage. Players performed 119 ± 8 and 31 ± 3 m·min of high intensity and sprint skating, respectively, during a game. Total distance covered was 4,606 ± 219 m (2,260-6,749 m), of which high-intensity distance was 2042 ± 97 m (757-3,026 m). Sprint-skating speed was 5-8% higher (p ≤ 0.05) in periods 1 and 2 vs. period 3 and overtime. Defensemen (D) covered 29% more (p ≤ 0.05) skating in total than forwards (F) and were on the ice 47% longer. However, F performed 54% more (p ≤ 0.05) high-intensity skating per minute than defensemen. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was 338 ± 45 (78-757) U·L 24-hour post-game. Heart rate loading during YYIR1-IHSUB correlated inversely (p ≤ 0.05) to the frequency of high-intensity skating bouts (r = -0.55) and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (r = -0.85) and positively to post-game CK (r = 0.49; p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ice hockey is a multiple-sprint sport that provokes fatigue in the latter half of a game. Forwards perform more intense skating than defensemen. Moreover, high-intensity game activities during top-class ice hockey are correlated with cardiovascular loading during a submaximal skating test. Taken together, training of elite ice-hockey players should improve the ability for repeated high-intensity skating, and testing should include the YYIR1-IHSUB test as an indicator for ice-hockey-specific physical match performance.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Tania, et al.
(författare)
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Injury incidence in male elite youth football players is associated with preceding levels and changes in training load
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 9:4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Elite youth football players miss out on a large part of seasonal training due to injury. Limited research suggests an association between external and internal training load (TL) and injury incidence in elite youth football. This study analysed external and internal TL variables and their association with injury incidence in a group of male elite youth football players over four seasons. Methods Measures of external and internal TL and injury incidence of 56 male elite youth football players (age 17-19 years) were collected throughout four seasons. Heart rate, session rating of perceived exertion andGlobal Positioning System (GPS) variables were analysed. Individual players' TL during the 30 days leading up to injury was compared with 30-day injury-free control periods. Change in TL through the periods was also analysed. Results Eighty-five injuries were included for analysis, showing that for most TL variables, the average levels were significantly lower during the period leading up to injury. Significant increases for the majority of TL variables were also found during the periods leading up to injury, while the control periods did not show any significant change. Conclusion A lower and/or increasing average TL volume over 30 days might increase the risk of injury in male elite youth football players. Avoiding long-term drops in TL and balance increases in TL might be beneficial to reduce injury risk. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 10. |
- Redfors, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Prognosis is similar for patients who undergo primary PCI during regular-hours and off-hours: A report from SCAAR.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. - : Wiley. - 1522-726X. ; 91:7, s. 1240-1249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timely percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves prognosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, recent reports indicate that patients with STEMI who present during non-regular working hours (off-hours) have a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare outcome between patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI during off-hours and regular hours.We retrieved data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) for all patients who underwent primary PCI in Region Västra Götaland due to STEMI between January 2004 and May 2013. We modeled unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression and logistic regression models for the outcomes death, cardiogenic shock, stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. A propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model, which adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors was predefined as the primary statistical model. Death at any time during the study period was pre-specified as primary end-point.During the study period 4.611 (65%) patients underwent primary PCI due to STEMI during off-hours and 2,525 (35%) during regular hours. The risk of dying was similar among the groups for the primary endpoint death at any time during the study period (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.12, P=0.991) and for secondary end-point death within 30 days (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.85-1.25, P=0.735). The risks of developing cardiogenic shock, stent thrombosis, or in-stent restenosis were similar between the groups.In our region, short- and long-term prognosis for patients with STEMI who undergo primary PCI is similar for patients presenting during off-hours and regular hours.
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