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| 2. |
- Söderqvist, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Cost–benefit analysis of beach-cast harvest : Closing land-marine nutrient loops in the Baltic Sea region
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1302-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harvesting beach-cast can help mitigate marine eutrophication by closing land-marine nutrient loops and provide a blue biomass raw material for the bioeconomy. Cost–benefit analysis was applied to harvest activities during 2009–2018 on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, highlighting benefits such as nutrient removal from the marine system and improved recreational opportunities as well as costs of using inputs necessary for harvest. The results indicate that the activities entailed a net gain to society, lending substance to continued funding for harvests on Gotland and assessments of upscaling of harvest activities to other areas in Sweden and elsewhere. The lessons learnt from the considerable harvest experience on Gotland should be utilized for developing concrete guidelines for carrying out sustainable harvest practice, paying due attention to local conditions but also to what can be generalized to a wider national and international context.
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| 3. |
- Albrecht, Franziska, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a Highly Challenging Balance Training Program on Motor Function and Brain Structure in Parkinson's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1877-7171 .- 1877-718X. ; 11:4, s. 2057-2071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor deficits and brain alterations having a detrimental impact on balance, gait, and cognition. Intensive physical exercise can induce changes in the neural system, potentially counteracting neurodegeneration in PD and improving clinical symptoms. Objective: This randomized controlled trial investigated effects of a highly challenging, cognitively demanding, balance and gait training (HiBalance) program in participants with PD on brain structure. Methods: 95 participants were assigned to either the HiBalance or an active control speech training program. The group-based interventions were performed in 1-hour sessions, twice per week over a 10-week period. Participants underwent balance, gait, cognitive function, and structural magnetic resonance imaging assessments before and after the interventions. Voxel-based morphometry was analyzed in 34 HiBalance and 31 active controls. Additionally, structural covariance networks were assessed. Results: There was no significant time by group interaction between the HiBalance and control training in balance, gait, or brain volume. Within-HiBalance-group analyses showed higher left putamen volumes post-training. In repeated measures correlation a positive linear, non-significant relationship between gait speed and putamen volume was revealed. In the HiBalance group we found community structure changes and stronger thalamic-cerebellar connectivity in structural covariance networks. Neither brain volume changes nor topology changes were found for the active controls after the training. Conclusion: Thus, subtle structural brain changes occur after balance and gait training. Future studies need to determine whether training modifications or other assessment methods lead to stronger effects.
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| 5. |
- Bekkhus, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Automated detection of vascular remodeling in human tumor draining lymph nodes by the deep learning tool HEV-finder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 258:1, s. 4-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular remodeling is common in human cancer and has potential as future biomarkers for prediction of disease progression and tumor immunity status. It can also affect metastatic sites, including the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Dilation of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) within TDLNs has been observed in several types of cancer. We recently demonstrated that it is a premetastatic effect that can be linked to tumor invasiveness in breast cancer. Manual visual assessment of changes in vascular morphology is a tedious and difficult task, limiting high-throughput analysis. Here we present a fully automated approach for detection and classification of HEV dilation. By using 12,524 manually classified HEVs, we trained a deep-learning model and created a graphical user interface for visualization of the results. The tool, named the HEV-finder, selectively analyses HEV dilation in specific regions of the lymph nodes. We evaluated the HEV-finder's ability to detect and classify HEV dilation in different types of breast cancer compared to manual annotations. Our results constitute a successful example of large-scale, fully automated, and user-independent, image-based quantitative assessment of vascular remodeling in human pathology and lay the ground for future exploration of HEV dilation in TDLNs as a biomarker.
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| 6. |
- Bendt, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Adults with spina bifida : A cross-sectional study of health issues and living conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe health issues and living conditions in a cohort of adults living with Spina bifida.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by a multidisciplinary team. Adults with spina bifida (n = 219) were invited to participate. One-hundred-and-ninety-six persons (104 women and 92 men; 18-73 years, median age 33 years) were included. Structured interviews, questionnaires, and clinical assessments for medical, social, physical, and cognitive functions were used.RESULTS: There was large variation among participants as regards the consequences of their spina bifida. Individuals < 46 years seemed to have more secondary conditions such as hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, tethered cord symptoms, and latex allergy. A higher proportion of the individuals >46 years and older was able to walk, and they had performed better in primary school and on tests of psychomotor speed and executive function.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that adults with spina bifida have a complex set of physical, cognitive, and social needs that need to be addressed in order to improve their health issues and living conditions. The high prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence, pain, and overweight underline that these issues need much attention during follow-up. The future generations of older adults may need more attention in many ways, since they at a younger age do have more complex medical conditions, lower physical and cognitive functions, and lower prerequisites for independent living and participation in society than those > 46 years today. This elucidates that adults with spina bifida need systematic follow-up services and social support throughout life.
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| 7. |
- Bendt, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Living and health conditions for adults with spina bifida in Sweden – a comprehensive prevalence group study
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Seventy-five per-cents of children born with Spina Bifida (SB) are expected to live into adulthood, meaning that the adults will need more attention in the future. Adulthood involves great demands for persons with SB, but also for their families, the social well-fare and healthcare systems, as the group has a persistent need for care and support. The aim is to describe the living and health conditions for adults with Spina Bifida in different life stages including medical, physical, psychological, cognitive and social aspects. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted by a multidisciplinary team. Data collection was performed through structured interviews, questionnaires and clinical assessments. All individuals > 18 years with SB (n=219) registered at a regional outpatient clinic were offered participation; 196 persons (104 women, 92 men 18-73 years) were included. Results There was a great variation in the group concerning problems related to their congenital injury. The persons > 45 years and especially > 61 years seems to have less problems such as less prevalence of hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, tethered cord syndrome and they also walked to a higher extent. They passed elementary school to a higher extent and performed better on the tests for psychomotor speed and executive function. Conclusions The study shows the multifaceted problems this group is facing as adults with SB and contributes to increased knowledge concerning the living and health conditions. Increased knowledge can lead to targeted interventions and better care, thereby decreasing secondary complications, reducing costs for society and hopefully increasing quality of life for persons with SB and their families.
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| 8. |
- Bostner, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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S6 kinase signaling and tamoxifen response in breast cancer cells and in two randomized breast cancer cohorts
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detecting signals in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the estrogen receptor (ER) pathways for prediction of treatment response may be a future clinical tool in primary breast cancer. Here, we investigated the validity and value of the mTOR targets p70-S6 kinase (S6K) 1 and 2 as biomarkers for tamoxifen sensitivity in vitro and in two independent tamoxifen randomized postmenopausal breast cancer cohorts. In addition, the prognostic value of the S6Ks was evaluated. A simultaneous knockdown of the S6Ks in ER-positive breast cancer cells resulted in G1 arrest, and tamoxifen-induced G1 arrest was in part S6K1+S6K2 dependent, suggesting separate roles in proliferation and in tamoxifen response. We found S6K1 to correlate with HER2 and cytoplasmic Akt activity, whereas S6K2 and phosphorylated S6K were closer connected with ER positivity, low proliferation and nucleic p-Akt. Treatment prediction and prognosis were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Nuclear accumulation of S6K1 was indicative of a reduced tamoxifen treatment effect, compared with a significant benefit from tamoxifen treatment in patients without tumor S6K1 nuclear accumulation. Patients with a combination of S6K1 nuclear accumulation and S6K2 cytoplasmic accumulation in the tumor cells had no tamoxifen benefit. Also, S6K1 and S6K2 activation, indicated by p-S6K-t389 expression, was associated with low benefit from tamoxifen compared with untreated patients. In addition, high protein expression of S6K1, independent of localization, predicted worse prognosis. This was not evident for variations in S6K2 or p-S6K-t389 expression.In conclusion, the mTOR targeted kinases S6K1 and S6K2 interfere with proliferation and response to tamoxifen. Monitoring their activity andintracellular localization may provide biomarkers for breast cancer treatment, allowing for identification of a group of patients less likely tobenefit from tamoxifen and thus in need of an alternative or additional treatment.
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| 9. |
- Bostner, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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S6 kinase signaling: tamoxifen response and prognostic indication in two breast cancer cohorts
- 2015
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Ingår i: Endocrine-Related Cancer. - : BioScientifica. - 1351-0088 .- 1479-6821. ; 22:3, s. 331-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detection of signals in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the estrogen receptor (ER) pathways may be a future clinical tool for the prediction of adjuvant treatment response in primary breast cancer. Using immunohistological staining, we investigated the value of the mTOR targets p70-S6 kinase (S6K) 1 and 2 as biomarkers for tamoxifen benefit in two independent clinical trials comparing adjuvant tamoxifen with no tamoxifen or 5 years versus 2 years of tamoxifen treatment. In addition, the prognostic value of the S6Ks was evaluated. We found that S6K1 correlated with proliferation, HER2 status, and cytoplasmic AKT activity, whereas high protein expression levels of S6K2 and phosphorylated (p) S6K were more common in ER-positive, and low-proliferative tumors with pAKT-s473 localized to the nucelus. Nuclear accumulation of S6K1 was indicative of a reduced tamoxifen effect (hazard ratio (HR): 1.07, 95% CI: 0.53-2.81, P=0.84), compared with a significant benefit from tamoxifen treatment in patients without tumor S6K1 nuclear accumulation (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.29-0.62, Pless than0.00001). Also S6K1 and S6K2 activation, indicated by pS6K-t389 expression, was associated with low benefit from tamoxifen (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.50-1.87, P=0.92). In addition, high protein expression of S6K1, independent of localization, predicted worse prognosis in a multivariate analysis, P=0.00041 (cytoplasm), P=0.016 (nucleus). In conclusion, the mTOR-activated kinases S6K1 and S6K2 interfere with proliferation and response to tamoxifen. Monitoring their activity and intracellular localization may provide biomarkers for breast cancer treatment, allowing the identification of a group of patients less likely to benefit from tamoxifen and thus in need of an alternative or additional targeted treatment.
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| 10. |
- Espes, Daniel, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Function and Gene Expression of Islets Experimentally Transplanted to Muscle and Omentum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - THOUSAND OAKS, CA USA : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 29, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Islet transplantation to the liver is a potential curative treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. Muscle and the greater omentum are two alternative implantation sites, which can provide excellent engraftment and hold potential as future sites for stem-cell-derived beta-cell replacement. We evaluated the functional outcome after islet transplantation to muscle and omentum and found that alloxan-diabetic animals were cured with a low number of islets (200) at both sites. The cured animals had a normal area under the curve blood glucose response to intravenous glucose, albeit animals with intramuscular islet grafts had increased 120-min blood glucose levels. They also demonstrated an exaggerated counter regulatory response to hypoglycemia. The expression of genes important for beta-cell function was, at both implantation sites, comparable to that in native pancreatic islets. The gene expression of insulin (INS1 and INS2) and glucose transporter-2 was even increased, and the expression of lactate dehydrogenase decreased, at both sites when compared to native islets. We conclude that muscle and omentum provide excellent conditions for engraftment of transplanted islets. When compared to control, 200 islets implanted to the omentum displayed a restored glucose tolerance, whereas animals with intramuscular islet grafts of similar size displayed mild glucose intolerance.
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