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- George, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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Organic phosphorus in the terrestrial environment : a perspective on the state of the art and future priorities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 427:1-2, s. 191-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The dynamics of phosphorus (P) in the environment is important for regulating nutrient cycles in natural and managed ecosystems and an integral part in assessing biological resilience against environmental change. Organic P (P-o) compounds play key roles in biological and ecosystems function in the terrestrial environment being critical to cell function, growth and reproduction.Scope: We asked a group of experts to consider the global issues associated with P-o in the terrestrial environment, methodological strengths and weaknesses, benefits to be gained from understanding the P-o cycle, and to set priorities for P-o research.Conclusions: We identified seven key opportunities for P-o research including: the need for integrated, quality controlled and functionally based methodologies; assessment of stoichiometry with other elements in organic matter; understanding the dynamics of P-o in natural and managed systems; the role of microorganisms in controlling P-o cycles; the implications of nanoparticles in the environment and the need for better modelling and communication of the research. Each priority is discussed and a statement of intent for the P-o research community is made that highlights there are key contributions to be made toward understanding biogeochemical cycles, dynamics and function of natural ecosystems and the management of agricultural systems.
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- Pereira, Susana R., et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation of Scheffersomyces stipitis to hardwood spent sulfite liquor by evolutionary engineering
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HSSL) is a by-product of acid sulfite pulping process that is rich in xylose, a monosaccharide that can be fermented to ethanol by Scheffersomyces stipitis. However, HSSL also contains acetic acid and lignosulfonates that are inhibitory compounds of yeast growth. The main objective of this study was the use of an evolutionary engineering strategy to obtain variants of S. stipitis with increased tolerance to HSSL inhibitors while maintaining the ability to ferment xylose to ethanol. Results: A continuous reactor with gradually increasing HSSL concentrations, from 20% to 60% (v/v), was operated for 382 generations. From the final obtained population (POP), a stable clone (C-4) was isolated and characterized in 60% undetoxified HSSL. C-4 isolate was then compared with both the parental strain (PAR) and POP. Both POP and C-4 were able to grow in 60% undetoxified HSSL, with a higher capability to withstand HSSL inhibitors than PAR. Higher substrate uptake rates, 7% higher ethanol efficiency and improved ethanol yield were obtained using C-4. Conclusion: S. stipitis was successfully adapted to 60% (v/v) undetoxified eucalyptus HSSL. A stable isolate, C-4, with an improved performance in undetoxified HSSL compared to PAR was successfully obtained from POP. Owing to its improved tolerance to inhibitors, C-4 may represent a major advantage for the production of bioethanol using HSSL as substrate.
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- Weigert, A, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of gender and age on haemodialysis practices: a European multicentre analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical kidney journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8505 .- 2048-8513. ; 13:2, s. 217-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWomen of all ages and elderly patients of both genders comprise an increasing proportion of the haemodialysis population. Worldwide, significant differences in practice patterns and treatment results exist between genders and among younger versus older patients. Although efforts to mitigate sex-based differences have been attempted, significant disparities still exist.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all 1247 prevalent haemodialysis patients in DaVita units in Portugal (five dialysis centres, n = 730) and Poland (seven centres, n = 517). Demographic data, dialysis practice patterns, vascular access prevalence and the achievement of a variety of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) treatment targets were evaluated in relation to gender and age groups.ResultsBody weight and the prescribed dialysis blood flow rate were lower in women (P < 0.001), whereas treated blood volume per kilogram per session was higher (P < 0.01), resulting in higher single-pool Kt/V in women than in men (P < 0.001). Haemoglobin was significantly higher in men (P = 0.01), but the proportion of patients within target range (10–12 g/dL) was similar. Men more often had an arteriovenous fistula than women (80% versus 73%; P < 0.01) with a similar percentage of central venous catheters. There were no gender-specific differences in terms of dialysis adequacy, anaemia parameters or mineral and bone disorder parameters, or in the attainment of KDIGO targets between women and men >80 years of age.ConclusionsThis large, multicentre real-world analysis indicates that haemodialysis practices and treatment targets are similar for women and men, including the most elderly, in DaVita haemodialysis clinics in Europe.
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