| 1. |
- Almås, Ingvild, et al.
(författare)
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Saving and Bequest in China : An Analysis of Intergenerational Exchange
- 2020
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Ingår i: Economica. - : Wiley. - 0013-0427 .- 1468-0335. ; 87:345, s. 249-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particularly high saving rates among the elderly in both rural and urban China call for an investigation of the involved bequest motive. Utilizing unique survey data from a diverse group of Chinese households, we document that the magnitude of the bequest from parent to child is associated with the level of personal assistance from child to parent. Moreover, we find indicative evidence that both bequest and assistance are increasing in the parent's income and decreasing in the child's income. Comparing with the predictions from a stylized intergenerational model, these findings are consistent with an exchange-based bequest motive. Our findings have potential implications for how public policies and transfer schemes should be designed in order to contribute to the Chinese government objective of increased private consumption. Our results are conditional on the inclusion of housing wealth as part of the bequest, which indicates that transfer of housing is key to understanding the intergenerational assistance and bequest motives, and subsequently the high saving levels among the elderly in China.
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| 2. |
- Brütt, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity-estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs-indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
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| 3. |
- Freddi, Eleonora
(författare)
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Strategic ignorance and social Institutions
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis in Economics consists of three self-contained chapters in strategic behavior and social institutions.Do People Avoid Morally Relevant Information? Evidence from the Refugee Crisis examines whether people avoid information in an attempt to reduce the moral pressure to engage in prosocial behavior.Saving and Bequest in China: An Analysis of Intergenerational Exchange theoretically and empirically investigates the intergenerational strategic exchange of bequest and assistance in China. What Did States Do? An Analysis of Historical Public Expenditures analyzes the structure and purpose of public spending in the European countries during the 19th century.
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