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- Fredin, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Using a molten organic conducting material to infiltrate a nanoporous semiconductor film and its use in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Synthetic metals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-6779 .- 1879-3290. ; 159:1-2, s. 166-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe a method to fill thin films of nanoporous TiO2 with solid organic hole-conducting materials and demonstrate the procedure specifically for use in the preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells. Cross-sections of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and it was observed that a hot molten organic material fills pores that are 10 mu m below the surface of the film. We characterized the incident photon to current conversion efficiency properties of the solid TiO2/organic dye/organic hole-conductor heterojunctions and the spectra show that the dye is still active after the melting process.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hovelius, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Non-operative treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation in patients forty years of age and younger : a prospective twenty-five-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 90:5, s. 945-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During 1978 and 1979, we initiated a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the results of nonoperative treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation. In the current report, we present the outcome after twenty-five years.Methods: Two hundred and fifty-five patients (257 shoulders) with an age of twelve to forty years who had a primary anterior shoulder dislocation were managed with immobilization (achieved by tying the arm to the torso with use of a bandage) or without immobilization. All 227 living patients (229 shoulders) completed the follow-up questionnaire, and 214 patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.Results: Ninety-nine (43%) of 229 shoulders had not redislocated, and seventeen (7%) redislocated once. Thirty-three recurrent dislocations had become stable over time (14.4%), and eighteen were considered to be still recurrent (7.9%). Sixty-two shoulders (27%) had undergone surgery for the treatment of recurrent instability. Immobilization after the primary dislocation did not change the prognosis. Only two of twenty-four shoulders with a fracture of the greater tuberosity at the time of the primary dislocation redislocated (p < 0.001). When shoulders with a fracture of the greater tuberosity were excluded, forty-four (38%) of 115 shoulders in patients who had been twelve to twenty-five years of age at the time of the original dislocation and sixteen (18%) of ninety shoulders in patients who had been twenty-six to forty years of age had undergone surgical stabilization. At twenty-five years, fourteen (23%) of sixty-two shoulders that had undergone surgical stabilization were in patients who subsequently had a contralateral dislocation, compared with seven (7%) of ninety-nine shoulders in patients in whom the index dislocation had been classified as solitary (p = 0.01). Gender and athletic activity did not appear to affect the redislocation rate; however, women had worse DASH scores than men did (p = 0.006).Conclusions: After twenty-five years, half of the primary anterior shoulder dislocations that had been treated nonoperatively in patients with an age of twelve to twenty-five years had not recurred or had become stable over time.Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 4. |
- Lindblad, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling energy level positions in hole conducting molecular films by additives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 224, s. 100-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has been used to study the bulk electronic structure of thin molecular films of the organic compounds 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spiro-bifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), 4-(diethylamino)-benzaldehyde-1,1-diphenyl-hydrazone (DEH) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Molecular layers of these compounds are hole conducting, a property that for example has been used in different solar cell configurations. The function of such a device benefits from the inclusion of additives such as Li-TFSI, or dopants such as Co-complexes, into the molecular layer. Here we report on effects of adding Li-TFSI to DEH and P3HT as observed by photoelectron spectroscopy and we compare with results on the spiro-OMeTAD hole conductor. It can be concluded that the Li-salt causes a shift of the Fermi level in DEH and P3HT towards the HOMO resulting in a p-doping of the molecular material. Similar shifts of the Fermi level could also be observed when adding different Co(+III) complexes to the Spiro-OMeTAD hole conductor, indicating means for more controlled doping.
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| 6. |
- Rogmark, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Undisplaced femoral neck fractures-no problems? A consecutive study of 224 patients treated with internal fixation.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0267 .- 0020-1383. ; 40, s. 274-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 224 patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures treated with two parallel Hansson hook pins were studied. After a mean follow-up time of 32 months (S.D. 5.2), 15% had a reoperation. 11% were considered failures, mostly avascular necrosis, and 9% had a secondary arthroplasty. Possible risk factors for poor outcome were analysed. Neither high age nor surgical delay was associated with increased failure rate. Survivors received a questionnaire, and 40% stated that they had mild or severe pain in the hip when walking, 25% had pain at rest and 25 stated that they thought "always" or "often" about their injury. The younger the patient, the more frequent the report of subjective pain. 51% of individuals under 80 years reported pain when walking, compared to 27% aged 80 or older (p=0.016). Corresponding numbers for pain at rest were 32 and 12% (p=0.034). The failure rate did not differ between the age groups, but the younger patients had more reoperations (p=0.046) and thought more frequently about their injury (p=0.016). An undisplaced femoral neck fracture is a major injury with a long-term daily discomfort in about 25% and clinical failure in 11%.
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