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- Lübbe, Nils, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Predicted road traffic fatalities in Germany: The potential and limitations of vehicle safety technologies from passive safety to highly automated driving
- 2018
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - 2235-3151. ; 2018-September, s. 17-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that automated vehicles will greatly increase road traffic safety. However, few attempts have been made to quantify this thesis and to compare the expected benefits with more traditional safety systems. This study was carried out in five steps, adding systems in each step (from passive safety, standard Advances Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), advanced ADAS, safety-minded driving, to cautious driving) in order to capture the benefit of increasing levels of automation. Conservative and optimistic rules based on the expected performance of each safety system were developed and applied to the German In-Depth Accident Study database. Adding safety systems was effective in preventing fatalities, ranging from 12-13% (step 1, passive safety, no automation, conservative-optimistic estimate) to 45-63% (step 5, cautious driving). The highest automation level, in step 5, achieved a reduction of Vulnerable Road User (VRU) fatalities of 33-41%. Thus, passive and active safety systems contribute substantially to preventing fatalities and their further development and deployment should not be abandoned. Even the safest foreseeable, highly automated passenger cars are not likely to avoid all crashes and all road traffic fatalities. While increased market penetration across safety systems will make road traffic substantially safer, more efforts are needed to protect VRUs.
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- Askerdal, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Development of simplified air drag models including crosswinds for commercial heavy vehicle combinations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - 1744-5159 .- 0042-3114. ; 62:5, s. 1085-1102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate range prediction requires good knowledge of the prevailing wind conditions and how they affect the energy consumption of the ego vehicle. A few different simplified vehicle air drag models that explicitly include the effect from crosswinds are presented and compared through some objective criteria. The models are developed from the normal air drag equation where the effect from wind is implicit and therefore often forgotten or neglected. The purpose is to find a low-complexity model complementing CFD models and wind tunnel tests, that can be used for range estimation and predictive energy management algorithms. To simplify online estimation, a requirement is that the air drag models only contain a few tuning parameters. The models are validated against CFD calculations for a few vehicle combinations and the best models show good accuracy for air attack angles up to at least 60 degrees. It is shown that the parameters of the simplified models can loosely be connected to some basic geometrical attributes of a vehicle combination so it should be possible to give at least a rough estimate of the parameters of a simplified model based on these geometrical attributes. This is useful for making a first estimate of the aerodynamic properties of a vehicle combination after major changes in the exterior, e.g. when adding a trailer. It also highlights that the size and the shape of the vehicle side may be mainly responsible for the high longitudinal air drag sensitivity to crosswinds for large vehicle combinations.
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- Askerdal, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Motion resistance modelling and validation in winter conditions with varying air drag
- 2024
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Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - 1744-5159 .- 0042-3114. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Range prediction is vital for battery electric vehicles, and the main source of errors in range prediction is often the uncertainty in motion resistance. Rig and wind tunnel measurements can be used to find the motion resistance of a specific vehicle combination under specified weather conditions. However, real-life variation of the operating conditions of heavy-duty vehicles makes testing impractical. This paper proposes and validates a model of motion resistance with parameters adapted to actual road weather conditions. The model is validated in winter conditions with varying wind, using a vehicle equipped with a wind sensor. The results show that the proposed model captures the motion resistance with high accuracy. Results also indicate that it is crucial to take weather effects into account when modelling motion resistance, particularly in winter conditions.
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- Bergquist, Stefan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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AUTOMATION FOR IMPROVED SAFETY IN ROADSIDE CONSTRUCTION
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining. - : International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC). - 9781926872162 ; 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, it is investigated how different types of automation would affect the safety forworkers in asphalt paving. The risk for the workers on road construction sites is consistently high incomparison to the average risk of the working population. Automation has been suggested as an alternativefor improving the safety in roadside construction assuming that removing workers will inherently eliminatethe risk of them being injured. In this paper, the potential for improving the safety using automation isanalyzed in detail. By investigating accident statistics and understanding the type of accidents that appear,several different automated functions for increased safety are proposed and described. Based on availablestatistics, it is possible to estimate the safety benefit, as the reduction in fatalities, for several of theproposed functions. The highest safety benefit would be achieved by automating the road traffic drivingthrough the work zones. This has the potential of reducing the total number of road worker fatalities withover 30 %. In addition, it would decrease the number of road traffic accidents in work zones. Automationof construction machinery and dump-trucks also has the potential to increase the safety.
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- Erdinc, Umur, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of Yaw Stability Control Strategies for Articulated Vehicle Combinations
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings. - 1931-0587 .- 2642-7214. ; , s. 1476-1483
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Articulated Heavy Vehicles (AHVs) play a crucial role in today's transportation, offering significant commercial and environmental advantages. However, challenges like jackknifing and trailer swing in AHVs highlight the need for focused research. This paper introduces innovative yaw stability algorithms designed to tackle these concerns, employing advanced control allocation techniques, including distributed control allocation. A power loss minimization algorithm with four different methods to maintain yaw stability is tested with real test vehicles. In this framework, the algorithms ensure that control actions stay within predetermined safe limits, contributing significantly to the overall safety and efficiency of AHVs.
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