| 1. |
- Bøg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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12-step programs for reducing illicit drug use
- 2017
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Ingår i: Campbell Systematic Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1891-1803. ; 13:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Campbell systematic review examines the effectiveness of 12-step programs in reducing the use of illicit drugs. The review summarises findings from 10 studies, nine of which were conducted in the US.
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| 2. |
- Engström, Ingemar, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Relational continuity may give better clinical outcomes in patients with serious mental illness - a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 23:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundContinuity of care is considered important for results of treatment of serious mental illness (SMI). Yet, evidence of associations between relational continuity and different medical and social outcomes is sparse. Research approaches differ considerably regarding how to best assess continuity as well as which outcome to study. It has hitherto been difficult to evaluate the importance of relational continuity of care. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate treatment outcomes, including effects on resource use and costs associated with receiving higher relational continuity of care for patients with SMI.MethodsEleven databases were searched between January 2000 and February 2021 for studies investigating associations between some measure of relational continuity and health outcomes and costs. All eligible studies were assessed for study relevance and risk of bias by at least two independent reviewers. Only studies with acceptable risk of bias were included. Due to study heterogeneity the synthesis was made narratively, without meta-analysis. The certainty of the summarized result was assessed using GRADE. Study registration number in PROSPERO: CRD42020196518.ResultsWe identified 8 916 unique references and included 17 studies comprising around 300 000 patients in the review. The results were described with regard to seven outcomes. The results indicated that higher relational continuity of care for patients with serious mental illness may prevent premature deaths and suicide, may lower the number of emergency department (ED) visits and may contribute to a better quality of life compared to patients receiving lower levels of relational continuity of care. The certainty of the evidence was assessed as low or very low for all outcomes. The certainty of results for the outcomes hospitalization, costs, symptoms and functioning, and adherence to drug treatment was very low with the result that no reliable conclusions could be drawn in these areas.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review indicate that having higher relational continuity of care may have beneficial effects for patients with severe mental illness, and no results have indicated the opposite relationship. There is a need for better studies using clear and distinctive measures of exposure for relational continuity of care.
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Fanny, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Outcome of Intestinal Failure in Preterm Infants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 71:2, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aims were to evaluate the outcome and to identify predictors for survival and enteral autonomy in neonatal intestinal failure (IF).METHODS: A retrospective observational study in a Swedish tertiary centre of children born between 1995 and 2016 with neonatal IF, defined as dependency on parenteral nutrition (PN) ≥60 days, starting with PN before the age of 44 gestational weeks. Data were extracted from medical records and predictors for survival and enteral autonomy were identified by the Cox regression model. Time to death and weaning off PN analysis were performed with Kaplan-Meier curves including log rank test.RESULTS: In total, 105 children were included. Median gestational age was 28 weeks (22-42), 50% were born extremely preterm (<28 gestational weeks). PN started at a median age of two days (0-147) with a median duration of 196 days (60-3091). Necrotising enterocolitis was the dominating cause of IF (61%). Overall survival was 88%, five children died of sepsis and four of intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Survival increased from 75% during 1995-2008 to 96% during 2009-2016 (p = 0.0040). Age-adjusted small bowel length of >50% and birth 2009-2016 were predictors for survival. Enteral autonomy was achieved in 87%, with positive prediction by small bowel length of >25% of expected for gestational age and remaining ileocaecal valve.CONCLUSION: Preterm neonates with IF, at high risk of IF associated morbidity, showed a high overall survival rate. Small-bowel length and being born 2009-2016 were predictors for survival and remaining ICV and small-bowel length were predictors for enteral autonomy.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Psychosocial Interventions for People With Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health Problems : A Survey of Systematic Reviews
- 2009
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Ingår i: Research on social work practice. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7315 .- 1552-7581. ; 19:3, s. 281-290
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to provide a survey of systematic reviews that have evaluated the effects of psychosocial interventions for adult people with intellectual disabilities and/or an autistic syndrome with concurrent mental health problems. Reviews for inclusion were identified through searches of 10 electronic databases. The authors found that 3 out of 126 published reviews met the inclusion criteria for interventions, population, and being considered a systematic review. The results imply a weak scientific support for behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and some forms of integrated care and support. However, the primary studies included in the reviews have several methodological shortcomings. The results suggest future research initiatives in the direction of more effectiveness studies of good quality and reproduction of high-quality systematic reviews.
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| 5. |
- Haitina, Tatjana, et al.
(författare)
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Functional characterization of two melanocortin (MC) receptors in lamprey showing orthology to the MC1 and MC4 receptor subtypes
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 7, s. 101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The melanocortin (MC) receptors have a key role in regulating body weight and pigmentation. They belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The purpose of this study was to identify ancestral MC receptors in agnathan, river lamprey. Results We report cloning of two MC receptors from river lamprey. The lamprey receptors, designated MCa and MCb, showed orthology to the MC1 and MC4 receptor subtypes, respectively. The molecular clock analysis suggested that lamprey MC receptor genes were not duplicated recently and diverged from each other more than 400 MYR ago. Expression and pharmacological characterization showed that the lamprey MCa receptor was able to bind and be activated by both lamprey and human MSH peptides. The lamprey MCa receptor had relatively high affinity for ACTH derived peptides similarly to the fish MC receptors. We found that both of the lamprey MC receptors were expressed in skin, while the MCb receptor was also found in liver, heart and skeletal muscle. Conclusion This study shows presence of MC receptors in agnathans indicating early signs of specific functions of melanocortin receptor subtypes.
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| 6. |
- Hellberg, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice – an overview of four evidence maps : [Vetenskapligt kunskapsläge om utredning och insatser i socialt arbete och forskning –en sammanställning av fyra kartläggningar]
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5, s. 882-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 7. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Support interventions to reduce psychological distress in families experiencing stillbirth in high income countries : a systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - : Elsevier. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 37:2, s. 296-302
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research indicates disparities in the care of bereaved parents and siblings following a stillbirth in the family. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interventions aimed at reducing psychological distress among parents or siblings in high-income countries after experiencing a stillbirth.Methods: The databases CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched in August 2022.Results: Four intervention studies from the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Finland, and Australia, met the inclusion criteria. The interventions comprised a perinatal grief support team; a perinatal counselling service; a grief support program; and a support package including contacts with peer supporters and health care staff. No studies of interventions for siblings were found. The results could not be synthesised due to disparities in interventions and outcome measures. The risk of bias was assessed as high in all four studies and the certainty for all outcomes was rated as very low.Conclusion: More controlled trials with rigorous methods are needed to evaluate the effect of bereavement support interventions in parents and siblings after stillbirth. Future studies should include a core outcome set to make them more comparable. Most of the studies in this review were assessed to have an overall high risk of bias, mainly due to problems with missing outcome data; thus, future studies could specifically target this problem.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Levinsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Violations and Abusive Events as Experienced by Staff Within Adult Psychiatric Care: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
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Ingår i: Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry. - 1938-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrevious research has emphasized the high prevalence and far-reaching consequences of violations of ethical principles in patient care.AimTo study the extent of violations perceived by healthcare professionals in Swedish adult psychiatric care.MethodsOnline survey among 2,538 mental health professionals. A revised version of Transgressions of Ethical Principles in Health Care Questionnaire was used.ResultsEvents that could be perceived as abusive occur to a large extent. Respondents reported 96% observation and 84% self-involvement in at least one abusive event during the past 12 months and were considered unethical by 43% upon observation and by 34% upon self-involvement. Respondents who work in inpatient care report both more observations and more of their own involvement in abusive events compared to outpatient care.ConclusionsThe findings indicate the importance of actively working with and preventing violations and abusive events, and could motivate healthcare professionals to talk about alternative ways of acting in certain situations.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Care and support when a baby is stillborn : A systematic review and an interpretive meta-synthesis of qualitative studies in high-income countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionApproximately 2 million babies are stillborn annually worldwide, most in low- and middle-income countries. Present review studies of the parental and healthcare providers' experiences of stillbirth often include a variety of settings, which may skew the findings as the available resources can vary considerably. In high-income countries, the prevalence of stillbirth is low, and support programs are often initiated immediately when a baby with no signs of life is detected. There is limited knowledge about what matters to parents, siblings, and healthcare providers when a baby is stillborn in high-income countries. ObjectivesThis systematic review and interpretive meta-synthesis aim to identify important aspects of care and support for parents, siblings, and healthcare professionals in high-income countries from the diagnosis of stillbirth throughout the birth and postpartum period. MethodsA systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis were conducted to gain a deeper and broader understanding of the available knowledge about treatment and support when stillbirth occurred. Relevant papers were identified by systematically searching international electronic databases and citation tracking. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and the data was interpreted and synthesised using Gadamer's hermeneutics. The review protocol, including qualitative and quantitative study approaches, was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306655). ResultsSixteen studies were identified and included in the qualitative meta-synthesis. Experiences of care and support were interpreted and identified as four fusions. First, Personification is of central importance and stresses the need to acknowledge the baby as a unique person. The parents became parents even though their baby was born dead: The staff should also be recognised as the individuals they are with their personal histories. Second, the personification is reinforced by a respectful attitude where the parents are confirmed in their grief; the baby is treated the same way a live baby would be. Healthcare professionals need enough time to process their experiences before caring for other families giving birth. Third, Existential issues about life and death become intensely tangible for everyone involved, and they often feel lonely and vulnerable. Healthcare professionals also reflect on the thin line between life and death and often question their performance, especially when lacking collegial and organisational support. Finally, the fusion Stigmatisation focused on how parents, siblings, and healthcare professionals experienced stigma expressed as a sense of loneliness, vulnerability, and being deviant and marginalised when a baby died before or during birth. GRADE CERQual ratings for the four fusions ranged from moderate to high confidence. ConclusionsThe profound experiences synthesised in the fusions of this meta-synthesis showed the complex impacts the birth of a baby with no signs of life had on everyone involved. These fusions can be addressed and supported by applying person-centred care to all individuals involved. Hence, grief may be facilitated for parents and siblings, and healthcare professionals may be provided with good conditions in their professional practice. Furthermore, continuing education and support to healthcare professionals may facilitate them to provide compassionate care and support to affected parents and siblings. The fusions should also be considered when implementing national recommendations, guidelines, and clinical practice.
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