| 1. |
- Davis, Marion, et al.
(författare)
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Trees in home gardens: Making the most of an age-old practice to improve food security and nutrition.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Stockholm Environment Institute: Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative (SIANI) and Forest, Climate & Livelihood Research Network (Focali), “Forests, Landscapes and Food Security” theme brief.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Home gardens have been vital to human societies for thousands of years: from clusters of beneficial trees and shrubs planted on forest edges in pre-historic times, to the lush ediblegardens grown traditionally in many tropical regions, to the tiny, densely planted backyards that dot cities worldwide.
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| 2. |
- Friman, Jenny
(författare)
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Challenging shea as a woman’s crop – masculinities and resource control in Burkina Faso
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography. - 0966-369X. ; 30:10, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article pays attention to the gendered resource struggles and changing division of labor of the feminized shea fruit in Burkina Faso. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore how the increased demand for shea has affected gendered natural resource access and divisions of labor in the local. Shea, often described as ‘women’s gold’, is one of few natural resources which women control harvest, processing and earnings. The increased demand for shea on the global market has therefore been presented as a benefactor for women’s economic empowerment in Burkina Faso. Yet, studies have pointed to that women seem to be sidelined in the shea commodity chain. This study explores how gendered natural resource struggles are formed in the local shea commodity chain by departing from three principles of gender analysis, access and control, labor division and subjectivities. The data was collected through ethnographic fieldwork in the two rural villages of Boessen and Tonogo in Burkina Faso. The analysis sheds light on the particularities in how men’s shea practices form masculinities and rearrange gendered labor norms. The study moreover shows how contestations of male involvement is done by targeting manhood and labor norm perceptions. Male involvement both re-produces hegemonic masculinities where male shea control delimits women’s income possibilities. Whilst it also shapes alternative masculinities which embraces cooperation and joint decision making within households.
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| 3. |
- Friman, Jenny
(författare)
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Contested firewood collection in Burkina Faso : Governance, perceptions, and practices
- 2024
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative study explores how forest governance is perceived and embodied in everyday firewood practices in two rural villages in Burkina Faso. The study specifically looks into women's and forest guard's perceptions of firewood collection, access to wood, and the state regulations in place. Such exploration is helpful for showing how women who rely on firewood for their livelihoods respond to and perceive regulations, the synthesizing efforts, and the environmental impacts of firewood collection. To situate the interrelations of forest institutions, perceptions, and practices, the study draws on a critical institutional and feminist political ecology approach. Such an approach sheds light on how firewood governance in Burkina Faso excludes women from deciding over a resource they rely on for everyday life. Moreover, the approach helped illuminate how management by control, monitoring, and sensitizing efforts have a questionable impact on deforestation in forest commons.The study departs from that firewood practices as shaped by institutional complexity and historical, cultural, and taken-for-granted ways of doing, and this impacts how forest governance plays out on the ground. By exploring the discursive and the actual practices, the study contributes insights into the discrepancies between forest law enforcement and women's perceptions of firewood collection. Such analysis advances understanding of how forest governance in Burkina Faso is embodied and internalized in how people relate to and use firewood and the complex and varying ways firewood practices are formed. The findings suggest that women should be included in forest management, receive technical training in forest practices, and that attention should be directed toward decreasing firewood dependence.
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| 4. |
- Friman, Jenny
(författare)
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Forest Governance: Gendered Institutions, Practices, and Resource Struggles in Burkina Faso
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the gendered dynamics of forest governance and practices in rural Burkina Faso. Approximately, three billion people worldwide rely on trees for their everyday life. In West Africa, women, are often responsible for collecting tree resources such as firewood, edible leaves, and fruits. Trees also provide valuable income, especially for the poorest. NGOs, supranational organizations, and states have promoted and supported decentralized forest institutions to make local communities manage forests and take a share in the benefits and income. This study asks why institutional forestry frameworks so often provide unexpected and adverse social and ecological outcomes by exploring forest users’ navigation and struggles to access firewood and shea. To meet the objective to analyze the interrelations between institutions, gendered power relations, and forest use, the study develops a theoretical framework for analyzing forest governance. Forest governance is approached as structured by, and structuring, the gendered power relations of subjectivities, divisions of labor, access and control relations, and institutions. With an ethnographic approach, the data have been collected using various methods, such as structured observations, semi-structured interviews, and focus-group discussions, primarily in the villages of Boessen and Tonogo. Overall, this study develops an understanding of how formal forest governance arrangements reinforce gender inequality and marginalization in Boessen and Tonogo. Gendered power relations that are embedded in informal and formal forest institutions form unequal opportunities to access and control firewood and shea. Forest governance arrangements reinforce feminized labor norms of cutting and transporting wood to impede over-harvesting and exclude women in forest management arrangements. The findings show how forest governance arrangements, in combination with the lack of available deadwood, tend to situate women at continuous risk of being punished for illegal forest practices and add extra work burden. The study moreover shows that uneven power relations at the household level and the increased value of shea have increased male harvesting and control of the shea kernel and profits. With that, men challenge the notion of the product as a feminine resource and rearrange masculinity norms.
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| 5. |
- Friman, Jenny
(författare)
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Gendered woodcutting practices and institutional bricolage processes – The case of woodcutting permits in Burkina Faso
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Elsevier B.V. This paper explores gendered woodcutting practices in the two rural villages Boessen and Tonogo in Burkina Faso. The aim of this qualitative study is to understand how women navigate their everyday life as they collect and sell wood at the intersection of socially embedded and formal institutions. This is done through specifically examining how the formal forest regulation of woodcutting permits, designed to impede forest resource outtake, plays out in practice. In order to do so, the study explores gendered woodcutting practices to analyze the entwinement of formal and socially embedded institutions from an institutional bricolage perspective. A methodology informed by the practice based approach to forest governance further our understanding of institutional processes as guided by natural resource use practices. The study highlights the importance of social relations for how institutional bricolage processes are formed as the woodcutting women and the forest guards continuously adapt their behavior and interpretation of the forest institutions in close relation to each other. Following women's woodcutting practices shows how livelihood needs and traditional ways of using tools and transporting wood becomes interpreted and guides the institutional bricolage processes. Therefore, institutional bricolage processes needs to be understood as gendered, complex, multiple processes which can play out simultaneously within one regulatory context.
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| 6. |
- Hammarström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal Tracheobronchitis in Lung Transplant Recipients : Incidence and Utility of Diagnostic Markers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Fungi. - : MDPI AG. - 2309-608X. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus and Candida spp. is a recognized complication after lung transplantation, but knowledge of the incidence of Candida tracheobronchitis is lacking. The diagnosis relies on fungal cultures in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but cultures have low specificity. We aimed to evaluate the one-year incidence of fungal tracheobronchitis after lung transplantation and to assess the utility of diagnostic markers in serum and BALF to discriminate fungal tracheobronchitis from colonization. Ninety-seven consecutively included adult lung-transplant recipients were prospectively followed. BALF and serum samples were collected at 1, 3 and 12 months after transplantation and analyzed for betaglucan (serum and BALF), neutrophils (BALF) and galactomannan (BALF). Fungal tracheobronchitis was defined according to consensus criteria, modified to include Candida as a mycologic criterion. The cumulative one-year incidence of Candida and Aspergillus tracheobronchitis was 23% and 16%, respectively. Neutrophils of >75% of total leukocytes in BALF had 92% specificity for Candida tracheobronchitis. The area under the ROC curves for betaglucan and galactomannan in BALF to discriminate Aspergillus tracheobronchitis from colonization or no fungal infection were high (0.86 (p < 0.0001) and 0.93 (p < 0.0001), respectively). To conclude, the one-year incidence of fungal tracheobronchitis after lung transplantation was high and dominated by Candida spp. Diagnostic markers in BALF could be useful to discriminate fungal colonization from tracheobronchitis.
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| 7. |
- Hammarström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective evaluation of a combination of fungal biomarkers for the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease in high-risk haematology patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mycoses. - : Wiley. - 0933-7407 .- 1439-0507. ; 61:9, s. 623-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prospectively evaluated a combination of fungal biomarkers in adult haematology patients with focus on their clinical utility at different time points during the course of infection. In total, 135 patients were monitored once to twice weekly for serum (1-3)-ß-d-glucan (BG), galactomannan (GM), bis-methyl-gliotoxin and urinary d-arabinitol/l-arabinitol ratio. In all, 13 cases with proven or probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) were identified. The sensitivity of BG and GM at the time of diagnosis (TOD) was low, but within 2 weeks from the TOD the sensitivity of BG was 92%. BG >800 pg/mL was highly specific for IFD. At a pre-test probability of 12%, both BG and GM had negative predictive values (NPV) >0.9 but low positive predictive values (PPV). In a subgroup analysis of patients with clinically suspected IFD (pre-test probability of 35%), the NPV was lower, but the PPV for BG was 0.86 at cut-off 160 pg/mL. Among IFD patients, 91% had patterns of consecutively positive and increasing BG levels. Bis-methyl-gliotoxin was undetectable in 15 patients with proven, probable and possible IA. To conclude, BG was the superior fungal marker for IFD diagnosis. Quantification above the limit of detection and graphical evaluation of the pattern of dynamics are warranted in the interpretation of BG results.
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| 8. |
- Lindahl, Jenny K, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term study showed that vaccination protected paediatric renal transplant recipients from life-threatening varicella zoster virus.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 107:12, s. 2185-2192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal transplant patients are particularly susceptible to highly contagious diseases due to their reduced immunity. We studied transplant recipients to gauge their varicella zoster virus (VZV) serology status over time and the outcome of any VZV infections.This retrospective study comprised 85 children who underwent renal transplants in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1986 to 2014, at a mean age of eight (1-18) years. The children's medical records were reviewed and 47 had the VZV infection pre-transplant and 38 had been vaccinated pre-transplant. Clinical outcomes were available for 85 children and serology results for 72.At transplantation, the VZV seropositivity rate was 50% in the vaccination group and 94% in the infection group and the antibody titres were significantly lower in the vaccination group (p = 0.031). During the median follow-up period of five years post-transplant, 28% of the vaccinated children and 97% of the infection group remained seropositive and the varicella infection affected eight children: one in the infection group and seven in the vaccination group. The herpes zoster was observed in two children in the infection group.This study demonstrated that VZV vaccination protected from symptomatic infections to a lesser extent than natural infection, but provided effective protection from life-threatening disease.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Vikgren, Jenny, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of mild emphysema by computed tomography density measurements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 46:3, s. 237-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To assess the ability of a conventional density mask method to detect mild emphysema by high- resolution computed tomography ( HRCT), to analyze factors influencing quantification of mild emphysema, and to validate a new algorithm for detection of mild emphysema. Material and Methods: Fifty- five healthy male smokers and 34 never- smokers, 61 - 62 years of age, were examined. Emphysema was evaluated visually, by the conventional density mask method, and by a new algorithm compensating for the effects of gravity and artifacts due to motion and the reconstruction algorithm. Effects of the reconstruction algorithm, slice thickness, and various threshold levels on the outcome of the density mask area were evaluated. Results: Forty- nine percent of the smokers had mild emphysema. The density mask area was higher the thinner the slice irrespective of the reconstruction algorithm and threshold level. The sharp algorithm resulted in increased density mask area. The new reconstruction algorithm could discriminate between smokers with and those without mild emphysema, whereas the density mask method could not. The diagnostic ability of the new algorithm was dependent on lung level. At about 90% specificity, sensitivity was 65 - 100% in the apical levels, but low in the rest of the lung. Conclusion: The conventional density mask method is inadequate for detecting mild emphysema, while the new algorithm improves the diagnostic ability but is nevertheless still imperfect.
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