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| 2. |
- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Rödlistade arter och naturvård i sand- och grustäkter
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturligt störningspräglade sandmarker hyser en artrik och konkurrenskänslig flora och fauna. Sådana livsmiljöer har minskat drastiskt under 1900-talet. Under samma period ökade antalet sand- och grustäkter. Trots att täkterna ofta innebär stora ingrepp i naturen kan de utgöra viktiga ersättningshabitat för arter knutna till sandiga miljöer. Sedan några decennier så minskar även sand- och grustäkter starkt, beroende på att samhället vill bevara naturliga sand- och grusresurser. Produktionen har medvetet flyttats till bergkrossanläggningar och det ges idag mycket få tillstånd för utökad verksamhet eller nya sandtäkter. Från fler än 5 000 aktiva täkter på 1990-talet har antalet sjunkit till färre än 1 000. Täkter som avslutas har ofta föreskrifter om att planas ut och övertäckas vilket gör att deras naturvärden spolieras. Drygt 300 rödlistade arter har gynnats av sandtäkter när ursprungshabitaten minskat. Steklar och skalbaggar utgör de största grupperna med närmare två tredjedelar av arterna. Södra Sverige hyser störst rikedom av dessa arter men såväl täkter som arternas mer naturliga miljöer är bristfälligt undersökta, särskilt i glest befolkade delar av landet. För att bevara dessa täktlevande arter krävs att naturvården arbetar för att förhindra att avslutade täkter planas ut eller täcks över. Det är av stor betydelse att naturvårdande myndigheter ges tillräckliga styrmedel och ekonomiska resurser att arbeta med täkter. Genom enkla åtgärder kan de skapade livsmiljöerna i täkter bevaras till en låg kostnad jämfört med andra alternativa biotopvårdande åtgärder. Rapporten belyser artsamhällena som kan finnas i täkter samt viktiga strategier och åtgärder för naturvård i dessa miljöer. Rapporten har finansierats av Naturvårdsverket och av SLU:s medel för fortlöpande miljöanalys.
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| 3. |
- Fellman, Vineta, et al.
(författare)
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One-year survival of extremely preterm infants after active perinatal care in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 301:21, s. 2225-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Up-to-date information on infant survival after extremely preterm birth is needed for assessing perinatal care services, clinical guidelines, and parental counseling.
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| 4. |
- Fritz, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Low-intensity exercise increases skeletal muscle protein expression of PPARdelta and UCP3 in type 2 diabetic patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560. ; 22:6, s. 492-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical exercise provides health benefits for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, partly by enhancing skeletal muscle insulin action. We tested the hypothesis that changes in expression of key genes in skeletal muscles relate to exercise-induced improvements in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We determined mRNA expression of 20 selected genes following a self-supervised program of walking (> 150 min per week) over a 4-month period. RESULTS: This level of physical activity improved clinical parameters in approximately half the participants, as determined by reduced hypertension and enhanced insulin sensitivity (defined by reduced plasma-insulin levels and improved homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)). Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of Cbl-associated protein (CAP), diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)delta, uncoupling protein (UCP) 3, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)delta tended to increase in type 2 diabetic patients with an improved clinical profile. Skeletal muscle protein expression of PPARdelta and UCP3 was increased significantly after physical exercise in patients with an improved clinical profile, but were unchanged in patients who did not show exercise-mediated improvements in clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides clinical evidence that improvements in insulin sensitivity can be achieved in type 2 diabetic patients after individually executed low-intensity exercise training. Moreover, the positive clinical response to exercise is correlated with changes in skeletal muscle proteins involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. These changes in skeletal muscle gene expression offer a possible molecular explanation for the improvements in clinical outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Fritz, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of extremely preterm infants after iatrogenic or spontaneous birth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 97:11, s. 1388-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The risks of preterm birth are known. We investigated the perinatal and infant mortality and morbidity after iatrogenic or spontaneous onset of extremely preterm birth. Material and methods: The present study used data from the population-based EXPRESS study comprising all infants delivered before 27+0 gestational weeks in Sweden between 2004 and 2007. All fetuses alive at admission and with known mode of onset of delivery were included (682 live-born infants; 65 intrapartum deaths). Four multivariate regression models were applied with adjustments for gestational age, fetal gender, multiple pregnancy, and birthweight. Results: After adjustment for gestational age, no significant differences were found between iatrogenic and spontaneous onsets of birth regarding intrapartum death, early neonatal death (0-6 d), or death within 364 days. In the group with iatrogenic onset of delivery, there was an increased risk for severe morbidity (odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15-3.02), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.10-3.26), and retinopathy of prematurity (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.21-3.27) after adjustment for gestational age, fetal gender, and multiple pregnancy. After additional adjustment for weight z-scores at 36 gestational weeks, the associations were not significant. Within the group with spontaneous onset of delivery, fetuses with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes had increased mortality risk. Conclusion: No evidence was found for mode of onset of delivery (iatrogenic vs spontaneous) having an impact on neonatal or infant mortality or morbidity in extremely preterm infants. Instead, gestational age and growth deviation at birth seem to be associated with the outcome.
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| 6. |
- Fritz, Tomas
(författare)
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Physical activity in normal and impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus : effects of walking and Nordic walking on health-related quality of life, cardiovascular risk factors, and mitochondrial gene expression in overweight individuals
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with the risk of severe cardiovascular complications. Genetic predisposition, a sedentary life- style and overweight may increase the risk of developing T2DM. The aim was to study the effects of physical activity on risk factors of cardiovascular disease, health-related quality of life, and on the gene expression of enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, in overweight people with T2DM, impaired or normal glucose tolerance. Methods: Two different exercise intervention studies were conducted, both for a four- month period. Study 1, presented in paper I, included 52 T2DM patients, 26 controls, 26 in an intervention group. The intervention was to increase physical activity by brisk walking, 45 minutes three times per week. At baseline and after four months we assessed systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, self-reported physical activity and physical fitness. Study 2 (papers II, III and IV) included 212 overweight individuals. The intervention was a weekly physical activity increase by 5 hours of walking with walking poles (Nordic walking). The participants were classified by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and randomized into a control group (n=125), or an exercise intervention group (n=87). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was recorded by questionnaire (paper II), and anthropometric and clinical data (papers II & III) were assessed at the time of inclusion and after four months. From 79 NGT and 33 T2DM male exercise participants a 20–100 mg biopsy was taken from the quadriceps muscle of the thigh, for the assessment of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of mitochondrial genes, coding for enzymes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism (paper IV). Results: In study 1 there were no significant improvements of anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, blood pressure, glucose or lipid metabolism. The 17 patients in the intervention group who attained ≥80% of the intended increment of physical activity significantly improved SBP, DBP, BMI and total plasma cholesterol, compared with the control group. In study 2 (papers II & III) quality of sleep, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were improved for NGT exercise participants, and in the IGT exercise group exercise capacity improved. Among the exercise participants ≥80% compliant with the scheduled time of Nordic walking, exercise capacity improved significantly in all three (NGT, IGT and T2DM) exercise groups. Blood pressure, glycaemic control and blood lipids were unaffected. Baseline mRNA expression of 3 mitochondrial genes was increased in the T2DM group (paper IV). In the NGT group the expression of the enzyme PDK4 was increased after the exercise period, but not in the T2DM group. Conclusions: The exercise participants ≥80% compliant with the exercise goals in paper I improved SBP, DBP and BMI. The exercise goal of Nordic walking, 5 hours per week, led to improved quality of sleep, body weight, BMI and waist circumference in the NGT group, and exercise capacity improved in the IGT group. The elevated baseline PDK4 expression and the unaltered post-exercise expression in the T2DM cohort may reflect an impaired utilization of glucose and lipid fuels inherent in T2DM, and a dysfunction of the appropriate adaptive responses to exercise in skeletal muscle associated with insulin resistance.
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| 7. |
- Fritz, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Walking for exercise - immediate effect on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 19:1, s. 31-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - To determine the immediate effect of walking on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Design - Participating patients walked for half an hour on one occasion and on another day they remained physically inactive for half an hour. Blood glucose was measured before and after walking and resting. Setting - Krokom in the north of Sweden. Patients - Thirty-nine persons with type 2 diabetes, aged 63 (SD 8.5). Main outcome measures - Difference of blood glucose levels before and after walking and resting respectively. Results ? Post-walk glycaemic levels were reduced by 2.2 mmol/l (SD 1.5). No significant reduction could be observed after a period of physical rest. Conclusion ? Walking can be safely employed in groups or individually as an introduction to low-intensity exercise and as a demonstration of its blood glucose lowering effect in type 2 diabetes.
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| 8. |
- Grandoch, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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4-Methylumbelliferone improves the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 1:5, s. 546-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Therapeutic increase in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is of great interest, as BAT activation counteracts obesity and insulin resistance. Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan, found in the extracellular matrix, that is synthesized by HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) from sugar precursors and accumulates in diabetic conditions. Its synthesis can be inhibited by the small molecule 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). Here we show that inhibition of HA synthesis by 4-MU or genetic deletion of Has2 and Has3 improves the thermogenic capacity of BAT, reduces body-weight gain, and improves glucose homeostasis independently of adrenergic stimulation in mice on a diabetogenic diet. In this context, we validated a novel magnetic resonce T2 mapping approach for in vivo visualization of BAT activation. Inhibition of HA synthesis increases glycolysis, BAT respiration, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. In addition, we show that 4-MU increases BAT capacity without inducing chronic stimulation and propose that 4-MU, a clinically approved, prescription-free drug, could be repurposed to treat obesity and diabetes.
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| 9. |
- Katayama, Mutsumi, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Exosomal miR-20b-5p is Elevated in Type 2 Diabetes and Could Impair Insulin Action in Human Skeletal Muscle.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 68:3, s. 515-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs representing an important class of gene expression modulators. Extracellular circulating miRNAs are both candidate biomarkers for disease pathogenesis and mediators of cell-to-cell communication. We examined the miRNA expression profile of total serum and serum derived exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles in people with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. In contrast to total serum miRNA, which did not reveal any differences in miRNA expression, we identified differentially abundant miRNAs in type 2 diabetes patients using miRNA expression profiles of exosome RNA (exoRNA). To validate the role of these differentially abundant miRNAs on glucose metabolism, we transfected miR-20b-5p, a highly abundant exoRNA in type 2 diabetic patients, into primary human skeletal muscle cells. miR-20b-5p overexpression increased basal glycogen synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells. We identified AKTIP and STAT3 as miR-20b-5p targets. miR-20b-5p overexpression reduced AKTIP abundance and insulin-stimulated glycogen accumulation. In conclusion, exosome derived extracellular miR-20b-5p is a circulating biomarker associated with type 2 diabetes, which plays an intracellular role in modulating insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism via AKT signaling.
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