| 1. |
- Bangsbo, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
The Copenhagen Consensus Conference 2016 : children, youth, and physical activity in schools and during leisure time
- 2016
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 50:19, s. 1177-1178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From 4 to 7 April 2016, 24 researchers from 8 countries and from a variety of academic disciplines gathered in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity in children and youth, that is, individuals between 6 and 18 years. Physical activity is an overarching term that consists of many structured and unstructured forms within school and out-of-school-time contexts, including organised sport, physical education, outdoor recreation, motor skill development programmes, recess, and active transportation such as biking and walking. This consensus statement presents the accord on the effects of physical activity on children's and youth's fitness, health, cognitive functioning, engagement, motivation, psychological well-being and social inclusion, as well as presenting educational and physical activity implementation strategies. The consensus was obtained through an iterative process that began with presentation of the state-of-the art in each domain followed by plenary and group discussions. Ultimately, Consensus Conference participants reached agreement on the 21-item consensus statement.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Brage, Søren, et al.
(författare)
-
Hierarchy of individual calibration levels for heart rate and accelerometry to measure physical activity.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: J Appl Physiol. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587. ; 103:2, s. 682-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining accelerometry with heart rate (HR) monitoring may improve precision of physical activity measurement. Considerable variation exists in the relationships between physical activity intensity (PAI) and HR and accelerometry, which may be reduced by individual calibration. However, individual calibration limits feasibility of these techniques in population studies, and less burdensome, yet valid, methods of calibration are required. We aimed to evaluate the precision of different individual calibration procedures against a reference calibration procedure: a ramped treadmill walking-running test with continuous measurement of PAI by indirect calorimetry in 26 women and 25 men [mean (SD): 35 ( 9 ) yr, 1.69 (0.10) m, 70 ( 14 ) kg]. Acceleration (along the longitudinal axis of the trunk) and HR were measured simultaneously. Alternative calibration procedures included treadmill testing without calorimetry, submaximal step and walk tests with and without calorimetry, and nonexercise calibration using sleeping HR and gender. Reference accelerometry and HR models explained >95% of the between-individual variance in PAI ( P < 0.001). This fraction dropped to 73 and 81%, respectively, for accelerometry and HR models calibrated with treadmill tests without calorimetry. Step-test calibration captured 62–64% (accelerometry) and 68% (HR) of the variance between individuals. Corresponding values were 63–76% and 59–61% for walk-test calibration. There was only little benefit of including calorimetry during step and walk calibration for HR models. Nonexercise calibration procedures explained 54% (accelerometry) and 30% (HR) of the between-individual variance. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of the between-individual variance in relationships between PAI, accelerometry, and HR is captured with simple calibration procedures, feasible for use in epidemiological studies.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bugge, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a 3-year intervention: The Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 1530-0315. ; 44:7, s. 1310-1317
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: This study assessed short and long term effects of a 3-year controlled school-based physical activity (PA) intervention on fatness, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children. METHODS: The study involved 18 schools (10 intervention and 8 controls) and included a follow-up 4 years after the end of intervention. The analyses included 696, 6-7 yrs old children at baseline, 612 at post-intervention (age 9.5 yrs) and 441 at follow-up (age 13.4 yrs). The intervention consisted of a doubling of the amount of physical education (from 90 to 180 min/week), training of PE-teachers, and upgrading of physical education and playing facilities. Anthropometrics and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured. VO2peak was directly measured and PA assessed using accelerometry. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for CVD risk factors. A composite risk score was computed from z-scores of SBP, triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-score), skinfolds, and inverse VO2peak. RESULTS: The HOMA-score of intervention group boys had a smaller increase from baseline to post-intervention compared to control boys (p = 0.004). From baseline to follow-up intervention group boys had a smaller increase in SBP compared to control boys (p=0.010). There were no other significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: This 3-years school-based PA intervention caused positive changes in SBP and HOMA-score in boys, but not in PA, VO2peak, fatness and the other measured CVD risk factors. Our results indicate that a doubling of physical education and providing training and equipment may not be sufficient to induce mayor improvements in CVD risk factors in a normal population.
|
|
| 5. |
- Christiansen, Lars Breum, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparative analysis of movement and physical activity in early childhood teacher education policy in five Nordic countries
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in sports and active living. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9367. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction : The aim of this study is to investigate the integration of movement and physical activity (MoPA) within Early Childhood Teacher Education (ECTE) policies across Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. This knowledge can inform the development of ECTE policies and practices that promote MoPA in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Nordic countries and other countries worldwide. Methods : In this study, a Nordic cross-national network of researchers collaborated in investigating policy documents at the national and university levels, which govern the education of ECEC teachers. This study was inspired by the Non-affirmative Theory of Education, which provides a framework for understanding the various influences on curricular development in higher education. Based on this, a four-step comparative analytical process of national and university documents across the Nordic countries was conducted. It included keyword search for MoPA related courses and a qualitative description of MoPA in ECTE. Thus, a combination of investigations of policy documents at the national and university level and expert knowledge set a solid foundation for international comparison. Results : The comparative analysis of MoPA in ECTE reveals diverse approaches influenced by national and university policies. A central theme is the variability in MoPA integration across these nations. Finland and Norway prioritize MoPA with independent mandatory courses. In Iceland, compulsory MoPA courses exist at one of two universities, and in Sweden at three out of 19. All university colleges in Denmark offer an elective course. Furthermore, learning objectives related to MoPA are, to varying degrees, part of the internships in the countries, with Sweden being an exception. In the participating countries, the teachers decide the content of the MoPA courses with little guidance, support, and agreement on essential MoPA content within and across the ECTE's. Norway has established guidelines, and in Finland, there is a network of ECTE Physical Education (PE) educators, which, to some degree, increases the consistency and quality of MoPA in education. Discussion : The Nordic countries present diverse MoPA integration approaches rooted in national policies and educational traditions. The findings emphasize the necessity of independent and mandatory MoPA courses, integration of MoPA into internships and promoting networks across the educational and academic sectors to equip future early childhood educators with competencies for fostering physical activity, motor development and children's well-being.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Aerobic fitness in prepubertal children according to level of body fat
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 99:12, s. 1854-1860
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximum oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) and body fat in young children on a population-based level. Methods: Participants were 586 children (311 boys and 275 girls) aged 6.8 +/- 0.4 years, recruited from a population-based cohort. VO2PEAK was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test. Percent body fat (BF%) was estimated from skinfold measurements. Results: Significant relationships existed between BF% and absolute values of VO2PEAK (mL/min), VO2PEAK scaled by body weight (mL/min/kg) and VO2PEAK by allometric scaling (mL/min/kg(0.71)), whereas no relationships were detected for VO2PEAK scaled to fat-free mass (FFM) (mL/min/FFM). Person correlation coefficients for boys were 0.26, -0.38, -0.19 and -0.01 NS and for girls 0.33, -0.42, -0.21 and -0.03 NS, respectively. Significant differences in VO2PEAK existed between different quartiles of BF%, with the exception when VO2PEAK was scaled to FFM. Conclusion: Our findings document the coexistence of two known risk factors for disease at a young age on a population-base and confirms that VO2PEAK was scaled to FFM represents a body fat independent way of expressing fitness.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of VO(2)Peak in Children Age 6-to 7-Years-Old
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Exercise Science. - 0899-8493. ; 23:1, s. 87-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the predictors of aerobic fitness (VO2PEAK) in young children on a population-base. Participants were 436 children (229 boys and 207 girls) aged 6.7 +/- 0.4 yrs. VO2PEAK was measured during a maximal treadmill exercise test. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers. Total body fat and total fat free mass were estimated from skinfold measurements. Regression analyses indicated that significant predictors for VO2PEAK per kilogram body mass were total body fat, maximal heart rate, sex, and age. Physical activity explained an additional 4-7%. Further analyses showed the main contributing factors for absolute values of VO2PEAK were fat free mass, maximal heart rate, sex, and age. Physical activity explained an additional 3-6%.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Independent associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic risk factors in children : the European youth heart study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 50:9, s. 1832-1840
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with a favourable metabolic risk profile. However, there has been no thorough exploration of the independent contributions of cardiorespiratory fitness and subcomponents of activity (total PA, time spent sedentary, and time spent in light, moderate and vigorous intensity PA) to metabolic risk factors in children and the relative importance of these factors. METHODS: We performed a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10- and 15- to 16-year-old boys and girls from three regions of Europe (n = 1709). We examined the independent associations of subcomponents of PA and CRF with metabolic risk factors (waist circumference, BP, fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol levels). Clustered metabolic risk was expressed as a continuously distributed score calculated as the average of the standardised values of the six subcomponents. RESULTS: CRF (standardised beta = -0.09, 95% CI -0.12, -0.06), total PA (standardised beta = -0.08, 95% CI -0.10, -0.05) and all other subcomponents of PA were significantly associated with clustered metabolic risk. After excluding waist circumference from the summary score and further adjustment for waist circumference as a confounding factor, the magnitude of the association between CRF and clustered metabolic risk was attenuated (standardised beta = -0.05, 95% CI -0.08, -0.02), whereas the association with total PA was unchanged (standardised beta = -0.08 95% CI -0.10, -0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: PA and CRF are separately and independently associated with individual and clustered metabolic risk factors in children. The association between CRF and clustered risk is partly mediated or confounded by adiposity, whereas the association between activity and clustered risk is independent of adiposity. Our results suggest that fitness and activity affect metabolic risk through different pathways.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and correlates of the metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of European Youth
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethseda, Md. : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 89:1, s. 90-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Until recently, there has been no unified definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the youth. Therefore, the prevalence of MetS and its association with potential correlates are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to quantify the prevalence, identify the correlates, and examine the independent associations between potential correlates with MetS. DESIGN: A population-based cohort study was conducted in 10- and 15-y-old youth from Estonia, Denmark, and Portugal (n = 3193). MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. Correlates included maternal socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and prevalent diabetes and maternally reported child's birth weight and duration of breastfeeding. Data on sexual maturity, objectively measured physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported sports participation, television viewing, and regular play were collected for the children. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was 0.2% and 1.4% in 10- and 15-y-olds, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness (standardized odds ratio: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.75), physical activity (standardized odds ratio: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.88), and maternal BMI (standardized odds ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.34) were all independently associated with MetS after adjustment for sex, age group, study location, birth weight, and sexual maturity. An increase in daily moderate-intensity physical activity by 10-20% was associated with a 33% lower risk of being categorized with MetS. CONCLUSIONS: High maternal BMI and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity independently contribute to the MetS and may be targets for future interventions. Relatively small increases in physical activity may significantly reduce the risk of MetS in healthy children.
|
|
| 10. |
- Grontved, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between plasma leptin and blood pressure in two population-based samples of children and adolescents
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 29:6, s. 1093-1100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives In this study we examined the association between leptin and blood pressure in a population-based study of Danish and Norwegian children and adolescents. Because of the putative bidirectional relationship between leptin and adiposity we formally tested (i) the mediating effect of body mass index in the association between leptin and blood pressure, and (ii) the mediating effect of leptin in the association between body mass index and blood pressure. Methods To examine these aims we used a cross-sectional random sample of children and adolescents from Denmark and Norway (n=1993) who had measures of leptin, anthropometry, blood pressure and other personal and biological risk factors for raised blood pressure available. Results Both body mass index and leptin were positively associated with blood pressure (P<0.001). The association with leptin was stronger in pre- and early-pubertal children compared to late-and post-pubertal adolescents (P<0.01 for interaction). The association between leptin and blood pressure was almost completely mediated by body mass index, whereas the association between body mass index and blood pressure was modestly mediated by leptin. Conclusion Leptin was strongly associated with blood pressure, a relationship that to a large extent was mediated by body mass index. Conversely, the association between body mass index and blood pressure was only modestly mediated by leptin. This indicates that the influence of adiposity on blood pressure is also driven by other biological risk factors beyond leptin. Such factors could include insulin, glucose, and triglycerides although residual confounding also could account for the observed relationships. J Hypertens 29:1093-1100 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
|
|
