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- Henricsson, Lisbeth, 1949-
(författare)
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Warriors and Worriers : Development, Protective and Exacerbating Factors in Children with Behavior Problems. A Study Across the First Six Years of School
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Various aspects of elementary school children's behavior problems were investigated in four studies. In Study I, teachers’ perceived low control over the classroom situation and a custodial teacher orientation were associated with teachers' (n = 86) preferences for authoritarian strategies (e.g., firm commands) in handling externalizing child behavior problems. Further, perceived high control and a humanistic teacher orientation were associated with non-authoritarian strategies (e.g., reasoning with students). In Study II, the aim was to investigate prospectively teacher-child interactions and teacher-child perceptions of the relationship between children with externalizing (n=26) and internalizing (n=25) behavior problems and unproblematic children (n=44) in the first grade. Children with behavior problems had a higher frequency of negative teacher relationships than unproblematic children. Observed conflictual children-teacher interactions contributed to negative teacher relationships independent of problem status. The moderating effects of social competence were small. In Study III, the principal aim was to investigate whether the children’s social competence, relationships with teachers and behavior with peers functioned as protective or exacerbating factors regarding the adaptation of children with behavior problems. Children with externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, in comparison with unproblematic children, were lower in social competence, school achievement and peer acceptance in sixth grade. There were moderating and independent effects of social competence and teacher and peer relationships on outcomes, but these were mainly restricted to those children with internalizing problems. The primary aim of Study IV was to investigate the social and school adjustment of six-grade children experiencing feelings of loneliness and low peer acceptance. Totally, 808 children participated, and 323 of these children had been followed from grade 1 to grade 6. The results indicated that loneliness was most strongly predicted by early internalizing problems, whereas poor acceptance was predicted by early externalizing problems and poor social competence. Associations between loneliness and low peer acceptance and other adjustment difficulties were also observed. In conclusion, children with behavior problems risk negative relationships as well as other adjustment problems. Early interventions are important in strengthening the protective factors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-
(författare)
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The Role of Causal Attribution and Self-Focused Attention for Shyness
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka på vilket sätt och i vilken utsträckning blyga personer skiljer sig från icke-blyga personer med avseende på deras attributionsmönster. Resultaten från 3 kvantitativa och 1 kvalitativ studie visar en något annorlunda bild av hur blyghet relaterar till social kognition jämfört med tidigare forskning i området. Följande 4 huvudsakliga slutsatser drogs. (1) Blyga personer har inte nödvändigtvis en snedvriden social kognition eftersom de uppvisade en mindre aktörs–observatörsskillnad jämfört med icke-blyga personer. (2) Det är sannolikt att blyga och självfokuserade personer bedömer sina emotionella reaktioner som orsakade av stabila interna orsaker snarare än mindre stabila interna och externa orsaker. Om blyga personer är mindre självfokuserade så tenderar dessa personer ändå att uppvisa detta attributionsmönster. (3) Blyghet snarare än beteendemässig inhibition har betydelse för vilka orsaker som tillskrivs emotionella reaktioner medan blyghet och beteendemässig inhibition interagerar när det gäller i vilken grad fritt valda orsaker upplevs vara orsakade av interna respektive externa faktorer. En slutsats av dessa resultat är att fortsatt forskning bör fokusera hur människor i sin vardag förklarar sina egna och andra människors beteenden och reaktioner. (4) Mycket blyga personer kan uppleva identitetsförvirring samt kan ha en ambivalent önskan om att vara blyg samtidigt som blygheten försvinner. Trots att dessa resultat pekar på ganska allvarliga konsekvenser av att vara blyg så verkar blyghet generellt betraktas i ett ganska positivt ljus.
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| 4. |
- Beskow, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Omgivning och kultur : 5:e ringen
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Psykologisk coaching. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127122048 ; , s. 162-173
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Många av de mest framgångsrika coacher som är verksamma i Sverige idag jobbar med kognitiv och beteendeinriktad coaching. Med detta arbetssätt som grund skapas ett coachingsamtal som kan leda till genomgripande förändring. I denna bok varvas teori och praktik. Målgruppen är praktiserande coacher, terapeuter, chefer, psykologer, rådgivare och alla andra som vill jobba med en professionell coachingteori som grund.
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| 6. |
- Frodi, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Current attachment representations of incarcerated offenders varying in degree of psychopathy
- 2001
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Ingår i: Attachment & Human Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6734 .- 1469-2988. ; 3:3, s. 269-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study sought to examine the current mental representations of early attachment relationships in 24 psychopathic criminal offenders, incarcerated in a forensic psychiatric hospital or a medium-security prison. The participants had been assessed on Hare's Psychopathy Checklist, Revised: Screening Version (PCL-R, sv, 1997) and scored either high or low. They were interviewed with the Main and Goldwyn Adult Attachment Interview (1998) and completed the EMBU, a Swedish self-report questionnaire tapping memories of the parent's rearing techniques. The results pointed to an extensive over-representation of individuals who were dismissing of attachment and attachment-related experiences (close to three times as many as in the normal population), no secure individuals, and with the remainder being either unclassifiable or unresolved with regard to severe early abuse/trauma. In addition, an examination of the EMBU data revealed an association between a higher psychopathy score and a family constellation of a rejecting father and an emotionally very warm (idealized) mother. The discussion will focus on the unique discourse of the dismissing individuals and on clinical implications.
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| 7. |
- Hammarberg, Annie
(författare)
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Pre-school Teachers’ Perceived Control and Behaviour Problems in Children
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, pre-school teachers’ perceived control, is examined in relation to problem behaviours of children and the actions of teachers in the classroom. In addition, other factors that are thought to relate to teachers’ perceived control were studied.The results of Study I indicate that pre-school teachers’ high perceived control was related to high intentions to act in the event of child behaviour problems. Teachers’ high satisfaction with their work was also related to high perceived control. Study II showed that low perceived control was associated with having a high proportion of children with a high level of externalising behaviours and of boys in the classroom. Study III shows that children who had a high level of externalising behaviours at the beginning and throughout the school year had teachers with low perceived control. Teachers’ perceived control was not related to their perception of internalising behaviours in the same way as to externalising behaviours and it was unrelated to a change in any direction of problem behaviours. Concerning changes in problem behaviours, no other factor was found, except a low child to adult ratio for a positive change of internalising behaviours. In Study IV, the aim was to examine naturally occurring child–teacher interactions. Teachers’ responding with commands to children was associated with teachers’ low perceived control, whereas restrictive teacher responses were not related to teachers’ perceived control.The present study indicates that teachers’ perceptions of children are important for their perceived control. It provides evidence that teachers’ low perceived control is associated with their difficulties in handling externalising behaviours and the behaviour of the boys in the classroom. Responding to problem behaviours can be explained by teachers’ perceived control, and their perception of a child’s sex and externalising behaviours.
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| 8. |
- Norrman, L, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of the father to the social situation and self-image of the child.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nordisk Psykologi. - 0029-1463. ; 53:4, s. 289-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the current study was to explore the importance of the father to children's social situation and self image. 102 buys and girls, aged 9-11 years, who were either living with both parents or who had limited contact with the father, were assessed by way of a questionnaire, and through their drawings of their own families. Two questions and the drawings were designed to measure the children's perception of the father's importance and their relationhip to the father. The remaining questions covered the children's social situation among friends and their self image. More children with limited contact than children living with both parents indicated that the father was the most significant male person. Living arrangements also affected the buys' social situation, Only half of those with limited father contact felt that they were well liked by their peers. Girls exhibited a more favorable self image and were rated as having a more secure relationship to their father than did boys, both in intact and in split families. The results support previous research e.g. from Great Britain (Owuso-Bempah & Howitt).
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| 9. |
- Sepa, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Could parenting stress and lack of support/confidence function as mediating mechanisms between certain environmental factors and the development of autoimmunity in children? – A study within ABIS
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Science. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 958, s. 431-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research, the etiology of type 1 diabetes is still to a large extent unknown. We would like to propose psychoimmunology as one possible pathway. Psychological mechanisms are directly linked to hormonal and nervous signals, which increase the need for insulin and affect the immune system. Disparate factors of social, environmental, and medical character have been associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes or with the autoimmune process leading to the disease—for instance, parental age, maternal infections, delivery mood, need for neonatal intensive care, and low socioeconomic status. Our results, based on the analyses of 4337 nonselected newborn children and their mothers, show that all these risk factors were also associated with psychological mechanisms (defined as lack of social support/confidence and high parenting stress). These results support the hypothesis of psychological mechanisms as mediating variables between a number of disparate risk factors and the development of type 1 diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Sepa, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers’ attachment insecurity and diabetes-related autoantibodies in their infants
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1037, s. 110-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological stress may, via hormonal levels, increase insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mothers' attachment insecurity is associated with the induction or progression of diabetes-related autoimmunity in early childhood. Adult attachment interviews were conducted with 18 mothers of infants who were positive, and 32 mothers of infants who were negative, for glutamic acid decarboxylase, selected from ABIS, a large prospective population-based project. The proportion of children with insecure mothers was larger, but not significantly so, in the autoantibody-positive group than in the negative group. If an association exists between maternal attachment insecurity and diabetes-related autoimmunity during infancy, it does not appear to be strong.
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