| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Spokes, L., et al.
(författare)
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MEAD: An interdisciplinary study of the marine effects of atmospheric deposition in the Kattegat
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 140:3, s. 453-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarises the results of the EU funded MEAD project, an interdisciplinary study of the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the Kattegat Sea between Denmark and Sweden. The study considers emissions of reactive nitrogen gases, their transport, transformations, deposition and effects on algal growth together with management options to reduce these effects. We conclude that atmospheric deposition is an important source of fixed nitrogen to the region particularly in summer, when nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth, and contributes to the overall eutrophication pressures in this region. However, we also conclude that it is unlikely that atmospheric deposition can, on its own, induce algal blooms in this region. A reduction of atmospheric nitrogen loads to this region will require strategies to reduce emissions of ammonia from local agriculture and Europe wide reductions in nitrous oxide emissions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carstensen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Summer algal blooms in a coastal ecosystem: the role of atmospheric deposition versus entrainment fluxes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714. ; 62:4, s. 595-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nitrogen inputs from atmospheric deposition and bottom water entrainment to the surface layer were modelled in the summer period (May-September) over a 11-year period (1989-1999) and compared to investigate the significance of these fluxes for generating blooms in the Kattegat. In the summer periods the average atmospheric deposition was 2.81 mg N m(-2) d(-1) compared to average entrainment fluxes of 5.42 mg N m(-2) d(-1), 1.21 mg N m(-2) d(-1) and 1.15 mg N m(-2) d(-1) for the northern, central and southern part of the Kattegat, respectively. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition alone could not sustain biomass increases associated with observed blooms and entrainment fluxes dominated the high nitrogen inputs to the surface layer. The potential for a bloom through growth was typically obtained after several days of high nitrogen inputs from entrainment in the frontal area of the northern Kattegat and to some extent from atmospheric deposition. The modelled nitrogen input in this area could account directly for 30% of the observed blooms in the Northern sub-basin, and through advective transport 24% and 19% of the observed blooms in the central and southern Kattegat. The direct nitrogen inputs through atmospheric deposition and entrainment to the central and southern sub-basins were small and could not be linked to any bloom observation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Geels, C., et al.
(författare)
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Improved modelling of atmospheric ammonia over Denmark using the coupled modelling system DAMOS
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4189. ; 9:7, s. 2625-2647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A local-scale Gaussian dispersion-deposition model (OML-DEP) has been coupled to a regional chemistry-transport model (DEHM with a resolution of approximately 6 km x 6 km over Denmark) in the Danish Ammonia Modelling System, DAMOS. Thereby, it has been possible to model the distribution of ammonia concentrations and depositions on a spatial resolution down to 400 m x 400 m for selected areas in Denmark. DAMOS has been validated against measured concentrations from the dense measuring network covering Denmark. Here measured data from 21 sites are included and the validation period covers 2-5 years within the period 2005-2009. A standard time series analysis (using statistic parameters like correlation and bias) shows that the coupled model system captures the measured time series better than the regional- scale model alone. However, our study also shows that about 50% of the modelled concentration level at a given location originates from non-local emission sources. The local-scale model covers a domain of 16 km x 16 km, and of the locally released ammonia (NH3) within this domain, our simulations at five sites show that 14-27% of the locally (within 16 km x 16 km) emitted NH3 also deposits locally. These results underline the importance of including both high-resolution local-scale modelling of NH3 as well as the regional-scale component described by the regional model. The DAMOS system can be used as a tool in environmental management in relation to assessments of total nitrogen load of sensitive nature areas in intense agricultural regions. However, high spatio-temporal resolution in input parameters like NH3 emissions and land-use data is required.
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| 6. |
- Xu, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and greenness and mortality in Northern Europe. The Life-GAP project
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Air pollution has been linked to mortality, but there are few studies examining the association with different exposure time windows spanning across several decades. The evidence for the effects of green space and mortality is contradictory.Objective: We investigated all-cause mortality in relation to exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index NDVI) across different exposure time windows.Methods: The exposure assessment was based on a combination of the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model and the Urban Background Model for the years 1990, 2000 and 2010. The analysis included a complete case dataset with 9,135 participants from the third Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study (RHINE III), aged 40-65 years in 2010, with mortality follow-up to 2021. We performed Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Altogether, 327 (3.6 %) persons died in the period 2010-2021. Increased exposures in 1990 of PM2.5, PM10, BC and NO2 were associated with increased all-cause mortality hazard ratios of 1.40 (95 % CI1.04-1.87 per 5 mu g/m3), 1.33 (95 % CI: 1.02-1.74 per 10 mu g/m3), 1.16 (95 % CI: 0.98-1.38 per 0.4 mu g/m3) and 1.17 (95 % CI: 0.92-1.50 per 10 mu g/m3), respectively. No statistically significant associations were observed between air pollution and mortality in other time windows. O3 showed an inverse association with mortality, while no association was observed between greenness and mortality. Adjusting for NDVI increased the hazard ratios for PM2.5, PM10, BC and NO2 exposures in 1990. We did not find significant interactions between greenness and air pollution metrics.Conclusion: Long term exposure to even low levels of air pollution is associated with mortality. Opening up for a long latency period, our findings indicate that air pollution exposures over time may be even more harmful than anticipated.
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| 7. |
- Zweifel, Ulla Li, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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High bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity above the atmospheric boundary layer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aerobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-5965 .- 1573-3025. ; 28:4, s. 481-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atmosphere is host to an omnipresent bacterial community that may influence fundamental atmospheric processes such as cloud formation and precipitation onset. Knowledge of this bacterial community is scarce, particularly in air masses relevant to cloud formation. Using a light aircraft, we sampled above the atmospheric boundary layer-that is, at heights at which cloud condensation occurs-over coastal areas of Sweden and Denmark in summer 2009. Enumeration indicated total bacterial numbers of 4 x 10(1) to 1.8 x 10(3) m(-3) air and colony-forming units of 0-6 bacteria m(-3) air. 16S rRNA gene libraries constructed from samples collected above the Baltic Sea coast revealed a highly diverse bacterial community dominated by species belonging to the genera Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. Bacterial species known to carry ice-nucleating proteins were found in several samples. Modeled back trajectories suggested the potential sources of the sampled bacteria to be diverse geographic regions, including both marine and terrestrial environments in the northern hemisphere. Several samples contained 16S rRNA genes from plant chloroplasts, confirming a terrestrial contribution to these samples. Interestingly, the airborne bacterial community displayed an apparent seasonal succession that we tentatively ascribe to in situ succession in the atmosphere.
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