| 1. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 2. |
- Ma, Li-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of the basal lineage fungus Rhizopus oryzae reveals a whole-genome duplication.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:7, s. e1000549-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhizopus oryzae is the primary cause of mucormycosis, an emerging, life-threatening infection characterized by rapid angioinvasive growth with an overall mortality rate that exceeds 50%. As a representative of the paraphyletic basal group of the fungal kingdom called "zygomycetes," R. oryzae is also used as a model to study fungal evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of R. oryzae strain 99-880, isolated from a fatal case of mucormycosis. The highly repetitive 45.3 Mb genome assembly contains abundant transposable elements (TEs), comprising approximately 20% of the genome. We predicted 13,895 protein-coding genes not overlapping TEs, many of which are paralogous gene pairs. The order and genomic arrangement of the duplicated gene pairs and their common phylogenetic origin provide evidence for an ancestral whole-genome duplication (WGD) event. The WGD resulted in the duplication of nearly all subunits of the protein complexes associated with respiratory electron transport chains, the V-ATPase, and the ubiquitin-proteasome systems. The WGD, together with recent gene duplications, resulted in the expansion of multiple gene families related to cell growth and signal transduction, as well as secreted aspartic protease and subtilase protein families, which are known fungal virulence factors. The duplication of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, especially the major azole target, lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (ERG11), could contribute to the variable responses of R. oryzae to different azole drugs, including voriconazole and posaconazole. Expanded families of cell-wall synthesis enzymes, essential for fungal cell integrity but absent in mammalian hosts, reveal potential targets for novel and R. oryzae-specific diagnostic and therapeutic treatments.
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| 3. |
- Yao, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 361:6399, s. 278-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that is nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According to both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration to promote the formation of new particles and a low preexisting aerosol loading to minimize the sink of new particles. We investigated NPF in Shanghai and were able to observe both precursor vapors (H2SO4) and initial clusters at a molecular level in a megacity. High NPF rates were observed to coincide with several familiar markers suggestive of H2SO4-dimethylamine (DMA)water (H2O) nucleation, including sulfuric acid dimers and H2SO4-DMA clusters. In a cluster kinetics simulation, the observed concentration of sulfuric acid was high enough to explain the particle growth to similar to 3 nanometers under the very high condensation sink, whereas the subsequent higher growth rate beyond this size is believed to result fromthe added contribution of condensing organic species. These findings will help in understanding urban NPF and its air quality and climate effects, as well as in formulating policies to mitigate secondary particle formation in China.
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| 4. |
- You, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Icon Design Recommendations for Central Consoles of Intelligent Vehicles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications II. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030442668 - 9783030442675 ; , s. 285-291
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in vehicle technology open up both opportunities and challenges for human-machine interface (HMI) design in intelligent vehicles. Design guidelines for icons in central consoles of vehicles have been discussed in human-computer interaction community, but more study and innovation are needed in icon design. In this paper, we investigated the displayed line thickness and size of icons in the intelligent vehicle’s central control screen, based on international design guidelines and standards. The experiment involved 17 participants performing simulated in-vehicle secondary task. The result from the experiments shows that the usability of icons increases and the driver’s workload decreases as the icons get larger. We also found a set of recommended values for size and line thickness of icons in this context. Future work will focus on providing design guidelines for other aspects of HMI design in intelligent vehicles.
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| 5. |
- You, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Interface Color Design of Intelligent Vehicle Central Console
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable and Assistive Technology. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030800901 - 9783030800918 ; , s. 784-792
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of intelligent automobiles puts forward higher requirements for HMI design. The information obtained by drivers through vision accounts for 80%. As a key part of visual perception, color affects driving performance. This article investigates vehicle interface design about icon-background contrast. Three colors commonly used in car-machine interface are chosen: red, green and blue, and contrast is divided into five levels under daytime and nighttime. The participants tested three colors and the five contrasts in an experiment using classic paradigm of secondary tasks. We collected data from their driving behavior and subjective experience, trying to find a most appropriate value. The results show that recommended contrast values under different lighting conditions are 3:1 to 4:1 for red, blue, and green during the day; 3:1 for red at night, and 5:1 for blue and green, so that the vehicle central console color design references are formed.
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