| 1. |
- Barcala, Maximiliano Estravis, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome resequencing facilitates the development of a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its transferability to other pine species
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 117:3, s. 944-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most widespread and economically important conifer species in the world. Applications like genomic selection and association studies, which could help accelerate breeding cycles, are challenging in Scots pine because of its large and repetitive genome. For this reason, genotyping tools for conifer species, and in particular for Scots pine, are commonly based on transcribed regions of the genome. In this article, we present the Axiom Psyl50K array, the first single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Scots pine based on whole-genome resequencing, that represents both genic and intergenic regions. This array was designed following a two-step procedure: first, 192 trees were sequenced, and a 430K SNP screening array was constructed. Then, 480 samples, including haploid megagametophytes, full-sib family trios, breeding population, and range-wide individuals from across Eurasia were genotyped with the screening array. The best 50K SNPs were selected based on quality, replicability, distribution across the draft genome assembly, balance between genic and intergenic regions, and genotype–environment and genotype–phenotype associations. Of the final 49 877 probes tiled in the array, 20 372 (40.84%) occur inside gene models, while the rest lie in intergenic regions. We also show that the Psyl50K array can yield enough high-confidence SNPs for genetic studies in pine species from North America and Eurasia. This new genotyping tool will be a valuable resource for high-throughput fundamental and applied research of Scots pine and other pine species.
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| 2. |
- Funda, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic improvement of the chemical composition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) juvenile wood for bioenergy production
- 2020
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 12, s. 848-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical composition is one of the key characteristics that determines wood quality and in turn its suitability for different end products and applications. The inclusion of chemical compositional traits in forest tree improvement requires high-throughput techniques capable of rapid, non-destructive and cost-efficient assessment of large-scale breeding experiments. We tested whether Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, coupled with partial least squares regression, could serve as an alternative to traditional wet chemistry protocols for the determination of the chemical composition of juvenile wood in Scots pine for tree improvement purposes. FTIR spectra were acquired for 1,245 trees selected in two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) full-sib progeny tests located in northern Sweden. Predictive models were developed using 70 reference samples with known chemical composition (the proportion of lignin, carbohydrates [cellulose, hemicelluloses and their structural monosaccharides glucose, mannose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose] and extractives). Individual-tree narrow-sense heritabilities and additive genetic correlations were estimated for all chemical traits as well as for growth (height and stem diameter) and wood quality traits (density and stiffness). Genetic control of the chemical traits was mostly moderate. Of the major chemical components, highest heritabilities were observed for hemicelluloses (0.43-0.47), intermediate for lignin and extractives (0.30-0.39), and lowest for cellulose (0.20-0.25). Additive genetic correlations among chemical traits were, except for extractives, positive while those between chemical and wood quality traits were negative. In both groups (chemical and wood quality traits), correlations with extractives exhibited opposite signs. Correlations of chemical traits with growth traits were near zero. The best strategy for genetic improvement of Scots pine juvenile wood for bioenergy production is to decrease and stabilize the content of extractives among trees and then focus on increasing the cellulose:lignin ratio.
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| 3. |
- Funda, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the chemical composition of juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using FTIR spectroscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 54, s. 289-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical composition of wood is one of the key features that determine wood quality. The focus of this study was on identifying differences between juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and developing models for predicting the chemical composition of these two wood types. Chemical traits, determined by traditional wet chemistry techniques, included the proportion of lignin, polysaccharides and extractives. Partial least squares regression of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra was used for model building. The model performance was primarily evaluated by root mean squared error of predictions (RMSEP). High predictive power was attained for the content of lignin (RMSEP of 0.476 and 0.495 for juvenile and mature woods, respectively) and extractives (0.302 and 0.471), good predictive power for cellulose (0.715 and 0.696) and hemicelluloses in juvenile wood (0.719) and low predictive power for hemicelluloses in mature wood (0.823). A distinct band was observed at 1693 cm(-1), and its intensity was strongly associated with the content of extractives (r = 0.968 and 0.861 in juvenile and mature woods, respectively). FTIR has proved suitable for the rapid, non-destructive, cost-efficient assessment of the chemical composition of juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine. The band at 1693 cm(-1) is to be further investigated to unravel its link with individual extractive components.
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| 4. |
- Fundová, Irena, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic improvement of sawn-board shape stability in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industrial Crops and Products. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adequate shape stability is a prerequisite for utilization of sawn boards in the building industry. This study investigated the possibility of indirect genetic improvement of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sawn-board shape stability (specifically the bow, crook and twist) via selective breeding based on traits that can be non-destructively measured on standing trees. Relationships between shape stability and wood quality traits measured on logs and sawn boards were also determined. A total of 1896 standing trees from a 39-year-old Scots pine full-sib progeny test were non-destructively measured. A subset of 496 trees was harvested and sawn into 50 x 100 mm boards, the quality of which was assessed both non-destructively and destructively. Among the traits assessed on standing trees, grain angle (GRA) appeared to be the best predictor of sawn-board twisting and crooking (r(A) = 0.84 and 0.62, respectively). The individual-tree narrow-sense heritability (h(i)(2)) was moderate for twist and GRA (0.37 and 0.40, respectively), low for bow (0.21) and very low for crook (0.05). Selective breeding targeting lower GRA would result in lower twist and crook but could also increase sawn-board density, stiffness and strength.
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| 5. |
- Fundová, Irena, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Improvement of Sawn-Board Stiffness and Strength in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given an overall aim of improving Scots pine structural wood quality by selective tree breeding, we investigated the potential of non-destructive acoustic sensing tools to accurately predict wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MOE) and strength (modulus of rupture, MOR) of sawn boards. Non-destructive measurements of wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity (VEL) and MOE were carried out at different stages of wood processing chain (standing trees, felled logs and sawn boards), whilst destructively measured stiffness and strength served as benchmark traits. All acoustic based MOE and VEL estimates proved to be good proxies (r(A) > 0.65) for sawn-board stiffness while MOETREE, VELHIT and resistograph wood density (DENRES) measured on standing trees and MOELOG and VELFAK measured on felled logs well reflected board strength. Individual-tree narrow-sense heritability (hi2) for VEL, MOE and MOR were weak (0.05-0.26) but were substantially stronger for wood density (0.34-0.40). Moreover, additive genetic coefficients of variation for MOE and MOR were in the range from 5.4% to 9.1%, offering potential targets for exploitation by selective breeding. Consequently, selective breeding based on MOETREE, DENRES or stem straightness (STR) could improve several structural wood traits simultaneously.
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| 6. |
- Fundová, Irena, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg.m(-3) (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith-Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.
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| 7. |
- Fundová, Irena, et al.
(författare)
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Non-destructive wood density assessment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using Resistograph and Pilodyn
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested two methods for non-destructive assessment of wood density of Scots pine standing trees: one based on penetration depth of a steel pin (Pilodyn) and the other on micro-drilling resistance (Resistograph). As a benchmark we used wood density data from x-ray analysis (SilviScan). We assessed in total 622 trees of 175 full-sib families growing in a single progeny test. Pilodyn was applied with bark (PIL) and without bark (PILB). Raw Resistograph drilling profiles (RES) were adjusted (RESTB) in order to eliminate increasing trend caused by needle friction. Individual narrow-sense heritability of benchmark SilviScan density (DEN; 0.46) was most closely approached by that of adjusted RESTB (0.43). Heritabilities were lower for unadjusted RES (0.35) as well as for PIL and PILB (both 0.32). Additive genetic correlations of the benchmark DEN with RES, RESTB, PIL and PILB were 0.89, 0.96, 0.59 and 0.71, respectively. Our results suggest that Resistograph is a more reliable tool than Pilodyn for wood density assessment of Scots pine; however, we highly recommend adjusting Resistograph drilling profiles prior to further analyses.
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| 8. |
- Fundová, Irena
(författare)
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Quantitative genetics of wood quality traits in Scots pine
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood quality of commercial tree species is important for many wood processingindustries and thus should be considered for inclusion in forest tree improvementprograms. This thesis evaluated the suitability of various proxy methods for rapid andnon-destructive assessment of wood quality traits on standing trees of Scots pine and thepotential for genetic improvement of different wood quality traits through recurrentselective breeding.Penetrometer Pilodyn and micro-drill Resistograph were tested for non-destructiveassessment of wood density (DENPIL and DENRES, respectively), using SilviScan density(DENSILV) as a benchmark. A strong additive genetic correlation was observed betweenDENSILV and DENRES (rA = 0.96), whilst the correlation with DENPIL was substantiallylower (rA = 0.74). Furthermore, SilviScan stiffness (MOESILV) was used as a benchmarkfor evaluation of several approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity(MOE) from standing-tree acoustic velocity (VELTREE). The combination of VELTREEand adjusted DENRES provided the most accurate estimate of MOETREE (rA = 0.91).Additionally, non-destructive acoustic sensing tools were tested at different stages ofwood processing (on standing trees, felled logs and sawn boards) using destructivelymeasured sawn-board stiffness (static modulus of elasticity, MOES) and strength(modulus of rupture, MOR) as benchmarks. They proved to be capable of accuratelypredicting MOES (rA ≈ 0.8) while VELTREE, adjusted DENRES and MOETREE wellreflected MOR (rA ≈ 0.9). Genetic variation of shape stability of sawn boards (bow, crookand twist) was also investigated. Under-bark grain angle (GRA) was found to be a goodpredictor of sawn-board twisting and crooking (rA = 0.84 and 0.62, respectively). Thechemical composition of juvenile wood (proportion of cellulose, hemicelluloses, ligninand extractives) was predicted from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra usingpartial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling. Individual-tree narrow-senseheritabilities (ℎi2) for all of the studied wood quality traits varied from low to moderate.Genetic improvement of sawn-board DEN, MOES and MOR as the target traits couldbe achieved through selective breeding for MOETREE, DENRES, stem straightness (STR)or GRA. Selection focusing on GRA would also result in lower bow, crook and twist.Despite the negative genetic correlations between growth and wood quality traits, apossibility of their simultaneous improvement was identified. An index combining stemdiameter (DBH) and MOETREE provided the best compromise.
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