| 1. |
- Domingues, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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From Chip to Converter : A Complete Cost Model for Power Electronics Converters
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. - 0885-8993. ; 32:11, s. 8681-8692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unified knowledge on power converter design and manufacturing technology establishes a powerful tool, where the cost and topology realization can be analyzed simultaneously. This paper collects the design practice and cost estimation of various components in a power electronics converter and unites that to a choice of the assembling and manufacturing processes and resulting cost of the complete converter. The outcome of this work specifies the power converter at predefined power level and cooling condition and demonstrates the cost drivers of the complete unit depending on production volumes. As a case study, the cost of an inverter for a full electric or hybrid vehicle application is estimated and the results are compared with figures available in the literature, yielding the conclusion that the validity of such figures is highly dependent on production volumes and power levels. The essence of this paper is a set of general, reliable, and fast design models and production charts, in accordance with realistic cost estimates for the sake of system optimization and development of cost effective electric drives from small series to large volumes.
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| 2. |
- Domingues, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
-
Scalable performance, efficiency and thermal models for electric drive components used in powertrain simulation and optimization
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE Transportation and Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2017. - 9781509039043 ; , s. 644-649
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology for designing and scaling the performance and thermal characteristics of electric powertrain components is presented. This methodology is aimed at finding optimum component combinations based on a set of requirements. Both drive-cycle performance and specific operating modes such as curb-climbing and maximum wheel speed are considered. This allows the selection of electrical machine topology, the design and sizing of the related gearbox, as well as the power-electronic converter needed to fulfill the wheel torque and speed requirements for all operating points, including overloading. Utilizing subsystem-models inside an optimization loop, the powertrain components can be sized using a number of goals such as lowest cost, size, weight or combinations of these, while still fulfilling the target specifications for a number of powertrain layouts.
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| 3. |
- Domingues-Olavarría, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Electric roads : Analyzing the societal cost of electrifying all Danish road transport
- 2018
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Ingår i: World Electric Vehicle Journal. - : MDPI AG. - 2032-6653. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric Road Systems (ERS) have emerged as an alternative to deal with the main drawbacks that battery electric vehicles present (i.e., higher cost, short driving range, long charging times, etc.). This paper analyses the societal cost of electrifying all road transport in Denmark under four different scenarios. The first scenario considered in this study is based on today's approach of having electric vehicles with high battery capacity and fast charging stations, the remaining scenarios study the cost of implementing different ERS at a national level. The results clearly show the benefits of implementing road bound electric road solutions that can be used both by commercial and passenger vehicles.
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| 4. |
- Domingues-Olavarria, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Electric Powertrains Based on Scalable Cost and Performance Models
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. - 0093-9994. ; 55:1, s. 751-764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a methodology for modeling, designing and scaling the electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal characteristics of the main components in an electric powertrain (excluding the battery) i.e. power electronics converter, electrical machine and mechanical transmission. Additionally, a framework for estimating the cost of these components is described. This framework takes into consideration not only the material cost but also all major manufacturing steps required for the production of a component and their dependency on expected production volumes. Moreover, a procedure to optimize the design of an electric powertrain, taking advantage of the aforementioned models, is proposed. Finally, the powertrain for a passenger electric vehicle is optimized using the proposed methodology and the results are compared in terms of electrical machine topology, powertrain concepts, cost, weight, gear ratio(s) in the transmission and overloading capabilities.
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| 5. |
- Domingues-Olavarría, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
-
Societal cost of electrifying all danish road transport
- 2017
-
Ingår i: EVS 2017 - 30th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition2017.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric Road Systems (ERS) have emerged as an alternative to deal with the main drawbacks that battery electric vehicles present (i.e., higher cost, short driving range, long charging times, etc.). This paper analyses the societal cost of electrifying all road transport in Denmark under four different scenarios. The first scenario considered in this study is based on todays approach of having electric vehicles with high battery capacity and fast charging stations, the remaining scenarios study the cost of implementing different ERS at a national level. The results clearly show the benefits of implementing electric road solutions that can be used both by commercial and passenger vehicles.
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| 6. |
- Fyhr, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A Model for Energy Consumption in Heavy Vehicle Braking
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. ; , s. 747-756
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model is presented for studying the energy used by the braking system in heavy vehicles. The aim is to keep the model as simple as possible, while retaining reasonable fidelity for the problem at hand. All actuators are thus created as ideal, i.e. no losses, then simple dissipative loads are added where applicable in order to capture their effects from a vehicle systems perspective. The vehicle itself is a simple point mass with a replaceable brake system actuator and a proportional speed controller. The model results capture the energy converted by the vehicle actuators with an error of less than 5% compared to the measured data, indicating that the model is capable of estimating the energy used by the two braking system variants, as well as the drivetrain, in other heavy vehicles and driving scenarios.
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| 7. |
- Fyhr, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A modular framework for evaluation of electrical machine production costs
- 2013
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Ingår i: 3rd International Electric Drives Conference (E|DPC). ; , s. 136-140
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A framework structure for solving multiple option production economic models is described, showing the possibilities in defining independent process modules according to a defined set of rules. The modules are then scanned and inserted into appropriate locations in the solver framework based on naming scheme and linking information, allowing both re-use of knowledge as well as rapid development and deployment of models for new production. The methodology is applied to the production of an electric machine, showing the ability to assess options with regard to for example technical infeasibilities such as the combination of incompatible production method selections, splitting and joining process flows and maintaining a continuous solution space. The structured framework approach also allows extraction of data from any point in the production flow, for any option or nominal batch size.
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| 8. |
- Fyhr, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A more efficient braking system for heavy vehicles
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electric powertrains increase efficiency in road vehicles and enable zero tailpipe emissions, but introduce practical limitations in on board energy storage capacity, due to the low energy density in battery systems when compared with chemical fuels in tanks. The increased powertrain efficiency and lower on-board energy storage levels place focus on other energy consumers in the vehicle system, such as the braking system. Our measurements indicate that a conventional pneumatic electronic braking system for heavy vehicles consumes 2-3% of the mission energy in a typical city bus cycle for a battery electric vehicle. The newly developed electromechanical braking system offers a more efficient energy conversion for the braking function, consuming 0.4-0.7% of the mission energy under similar driving conditions. This work focuses on an energy analysis of the conventional and the novel system in the context of a city bus application. The data is sourced from measurements of a battery electric bus, driven on a proving ground in tests repeated three times, in unladen condition. The measurements include comparative tests for the vehicle equipped with a traditional electro-pneumatic braking system and the same vehicle equipped with the new electro-mechanical braking system.
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| 9. |
- Fyhr, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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An Experimental Study of Forced Vibration Influence on Disc Brake Drag Torque in Heavy Commercial Road Vehicles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tribology in Industry. - : Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac. - 0354-8996 .- 2217-7965. ; 44:1, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drag torque in a disc brake is the residual torque when the brake is not activated. This torque can adversely influence the total energy consumption, life of the brake components, and level of airborne wear particles from vehicles. Drag torque is of special interest for long haul trucking since it could have an effect of the total energy consumption. Drag torque performance of a disc brake is usually evaluated with conventional inertia dynamometers. Vibrations induced by the wheel can help to retract the pads from the disc and decrease the drag torque. It is hard to study this phenomenon with conventional inertia dynamometers since there is usually no system to induce a forced vibration on the brake. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of vibrations on the drag torque for a commercial vehicle disc brake with a novel test setup. This is done by comparing test run with and without pads, forced vibrations, and pad retraction springs. The results indicate that the forced vibrations strongly affect the level of measured drag torque. In addition, the introduction of a retraction spring can reduce drag torque with more than 50% when vibrations are induced.
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| 10. |
- Fyhr, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost drivers and production limitations for electrified vehicle traction components
- 2012
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9789175197524 ; , s. 405-410
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive industry is shifting from internal combustion engines towards electrified drivetrains, containing electrical machines, power electronics and battery systems. The major hurdle in gaining customer acceptance for this type of drivetrain is the increase in price, due to hybrid drivetrains featuring an additional power system and pure electric systems requiring a major investment in energy storage. This paper details two of these systems with regards to their production processes, supply limitations and cost drivers.
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