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- Öhman, Anna, 1962-
(författare)
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Cykler och loopar i Salongen : En studie av återkoppling i frisörklassrummet
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest in this empirical study aims at assessment, more precisely feedback as part of ordinary activities within hairdressing education. The study investigates feedback practices related to assessment of knowing during production, with focus on communication between student and teacher. Communication is regarded as interactively constructed and is investigated through a multimodal social semiotic perspective which implies studying verbal as well as nonverbal resources in meaning making. Speech and body movements are not subordinate to each other and are studied as contributing in communication on their own terms.Video observations were used to investigate feedback practices in the hairdressing classroom, during a couple of lessons when last year’s students received customers for various treatments. From one hour recording, a selection was made showing communication between student and teacher with joint focus of attention during production. The selection is based on the assumption of feedback as interactively constructed and represented in a multimodal way.The analysis of the feedback practice shows a multifaceted result, since each interaction between a student and a teacher is unique. Nevertheless, a recurrent pattern of feedback construction could be discerned. Three important functions of feedback were distinguished, that of control, instruction and evaluation. Furthermore, these functions interact in temporal processes of cycles and loops. The core of feedback practice is found within the loop, where questions and wonders from the student are brought into a joint investigation.
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| 2. |
- Asghari, Hamid, 1967-
(författare)
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Från uppväxt till lärargärning : En livsberättelsestudie med åtta yrkeslärare på industritekniska programmet
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis is based on eight vocational teachers’ life stories with the aim to provide knowledge about vocational teachers and their work with pupils in teaching in the industrial-technology programme, in the context of both a working life and a vocational education which is continuously changing. The thesis answers two research questions: 1) the themes that recur in vocational teachers’ life stories about how they meet and teach their pupils and 2) the teaching goals and strategies which emerge from vocational teachers’ life stories. All in all fifteen interviews were conducted from which life stories and teacher profiles were constructed.Results show five recurring themes in the teacher profiles. The themes are; to be a caring adult for vocational pupils, to teach them basic knowledge considered important for the education, to teach them respect and discipline, to teach them the value of fighting and not giving up, and to show them the possibility of international employment. Moreover, the teacher goals and strategies emerging from the life stories show that the teachers can be said to educate different types of industrial workers. In line with these results, vocational education can be seen as more than a preparation for working life. Vocational teachers with different life experiences create different relationships with their pupils in order to create opportunities for them to manage school and to succeed in a life after school. In an industrial-technical education and in a working life which is constantly changing, vocational teachers have received various educations and worked in various industries during different time periods. They both educate their pupils and prepare them for a future working life based on these experiences.
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| 3. |
- Bellner, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Reality in cognitive rehabilitation and understanding of stroke disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medical Informatics Europe 2008 - eHealth beyond the horizon – get IT there.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical and cognitive deficits are consequences of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Without rehabilitation activity problems persist, i.e. limitations to handle personal care, the work situation, and recreational activities. A new approach in the rehabilitation area is the use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology and haptic devices. The aim of this study is to test an application of VR technology with 3D computer games as an occupational assessment/treatment method in rehabilitation. The training activities were virtual games that are used for training purposes. Every time an activity is run, data about the 3D hand movements of the patient is collected and analyzed, i.e. time and tremor in movements. The subject was a 48 years male patient, who in 2002 had a cranio-encephalitic trauma (CET), caused by an accident. Since 4 years he is working par time (50%). In the autumn 2007 he attended the rehabilitation program. Since then he has received two weekly sessions of 60 minutes by a special trained occupational therapist. The first weeks he was extremely tiered, tensed and unmotivated after 5-10 minutes. Cognitive deficits, motor and personality disorders were observed and assessed by using published and commonly used instruments within this knowledge field. The results revealed great problems in most observed and tested areas. After this initial period the patient accepted to take place in front of the VR-station. He was instructed to pick up the haptic stylus and start the tests. The whole procedure took 5 minutes and then he needed to relax the rest of the session. However, forthcoming sessions were breaking points, with an unexpected outcome. The patient increased his exercise potential from 5 to 40 minutes. Quantitative data revealed that the VR tasks gave a possibility to record time and to exact record the movement of the hand during the training. Qualitative data revealed that the patient’s increased motivation supported him to be active in everyday life. One outcome was an invitation from his employer to extend his working time within a computer department.After 6 months of VR-technological treatment sessions the patient improved significantly concerning cognitive and sensory-motor deficits. Thus, he is more competent to do what he wishes to do.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Avbrott på akutmottagning
- 2011
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Ingår i: 6:e nationella konferensen om patientsäkerhet. - Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(författare)
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An observational study of activities and multitasking performed by clinicians in two Swedish emergency departments
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of emergency medicine. - London : Chapman & Hall. - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 19:4, s. 246-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explore the type and frequency of activities and multitasking performed by emergency department clinicians.Methods: Eighteen clinicians (licensed practical nurses, registered nurses and medical doctors), six from each occupational group, at two Swedish emergency departments were followed in their clinical work for 2 h each to observe all their activities and multitasking practices. Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis.Results: Fifteen categories of activities could be identified based on 1882 observed activities during the 36 h of observation. The most common activity was information exchange, which was most often performed face-to-face. This activity represented 42.1% of the total number of observed activities. Information exchange was also the most common activity to be multitasked. Registered nurses performed most activities and their activities were multitasked more than the other clinicians. The nurses’ and doctors’ offices were the most common locations for multitasking in the emergency department.Conclusion: This study provides new knowledge regarding the activities conducted by clinicians in the emergency department. The most frequent activity was information exchange, which was the activity most often performed by the clinicians when multitasking occurred. Differences between clinicians were found for activities performed and multitasked, with registered nurses showing the highest frequencies for both.
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| 8. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between crowding and ten-day mortality among patients allocated lower triage acuity levels without need of acute hospital care on departure from the emergency department
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-0644 .- 1097-6760. ; 74:3, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE: We describe the association between emergency department (ED) crowding and 10-day mortality for patients triaged to lower acuity levels at ED arrival and without need of acute hospital care on ED departure.METHODS: This was a registry study based on ED visits with all patients aged 18 years or older, with triage acuity levels 3 to 5, and without need of acute hospital care on ED departure during 2009 to 2016 (n=705,699). The sample was divided into patients surviving (n=705,076) or dying (n=623) within 10 days. Variables concerning patient characteristics and measures of ED crowding (mean length of stay and ED occupancy ratio) were extracted from the hospital's electronic health records. ED length of stay per ED visit was estimated by the average length of stay for all patients who presented to the ED during the same day and shift and with the same acuity level. The 10-day mortality after ED discharge was used as the outcome measure. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS: The 10-day mortality rate was 0.09% (n=623). The event group had larger proportions of patients aged 80 years or older (51.4% versus 7.7%) and triaged with acuity level 3 (63.3% versus 35.6%), and greater comorbidity (age-combined Charlson comorbidity index median interquartile range 6 versus 0). We observed an increased 10-day mortality for patients with a mean ED length of stay greater than or equal to 8 hours versus less than 2 hours (adjusted odds ratio 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15 to 15.94) and for elevated ED occupancy ratio. Adjusted odds ratios for ED occupancy ratio quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus quartile 1 were 1.48 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.92), 1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.14), and 1.53 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.03), respectively.CONCLUSION: Patients assigned to lower triage acuity levels when arriving to the ED and without need of acute hospital care on departure from the ED had higher 10-day mortality when the mean ED length of stay exceeded 8 hours and when ED occupancy ratio increased.
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| 9. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing clinicians' perceptions of interruptions as disturbing or non-disturbing : a qualitative study
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 27, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Emergency departments consist of multiple systems requiring interaction with one another while still being able to operate independently, creating frequent interruptions in the clinical workflow. Most research on interruptions in health care settings has focused on the relationship between interruptions and negative outcomes. However, there are indications that not all interruptions are negatively perceived by those being interrupted. Therefore, this study aimed to explore factors that influence when a clinician perceives interruptions as non-disturbing or disturbing in an emergency department context.METHOD: Explorative design based on interviews with 10 physicians and 10 registered nurses at two Swedish emergency departments. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.RESULT: Factors influencing whether emergency department clinicians perceived interruptions as non-disturbing or disturbing were identified: clinician's constitution, external factors of influence and the nature of the interrupted task. The clinicians' perceptions were related to a complex of attributes inherent in these three factors at the time of the interruption. Thus, the same type of interruption could be perceived as either non-disturbing or disturbing contingent on the surrounding circumstances in which the event occurred.CONCLUSION: Emergency department clinicians' perceptions of interruptions as non-disturbing or disturbing were related to the character of identified influencing factors.
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| 10. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(författare)
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Interruptions in emergency department work : an observational and interview study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMJ Quality and Safety. - : BMJ. - 2044-5415 .- 2044-5423. ; 22:8, s. 656-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectiv.e Frequent interruptions are assumed to have a negative effect on healthcare clinicians’ working memory that could result in risk for errors and hence threatening patient safety. The aim of this study was to explore interruptions occurring during common activities of clinicians working in emergency departments.Method. Totally 18 clinicians, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses and medical doctors, at two Swedish emergency departments were observed during clinical work for 2 h each. A semistructured interview was conducted directly after the observation to explore their perceptions of interruptions. Data were analysed using non-parametric statistics, and by quantitative and qualitative content analysis.Results. The interruption rate was 5.1 interruptions per hour. Most often the clinicians were exposed to interruptions during activities involving information exchange. Calculated as percentages of categorised performed activities, preparation of medication was the most interrupted activity (28.6%). Face-to-face interaction with a colleague was the most common way to be interrupted (51%). Most common places for interruptions to occur were the nurses’ and doctors’ stations (68%). Medical doctors were the profession interrupted most often and were more often recipients of interruptions induced by others than causing self-interruptions. Most (87%) of the interrupted activities were resumed. Clinicians often did not regard interruptions negatively. Negative perceptions were more likely when the interruptions were considered unnecessary or when they disturbed the work processes.Conclusions. Clinicians were exposed to interruptions most often during information exchange. Relative to its occurrence, preparation of medication was the most common activity to be interrupted, which might increase risk for errors. Interruptions seemed to be perceived as something negative when related to disturbed work processes.
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