| 1. |
- Burrascano, S., et al.
(författare)
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Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207. ; 284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management (SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly account for direct biodiversity indicators. We focused on forest multi-taxon biodiversity to: i) gather and map the existing information; ii) identify knowledge and research gaps; iii) discuss its research potential. We established a research network to fit data on species, standing trees, lying deadwood and sampling unit description from 34 local datasets across 3591 sampling units. A total of 8724 species were represented, with the share of common and rare species varying across taxonomic classes: some included many species with several rare ones (e.g., Insecta); others (e.g., Bryopsida) were repre-sented by few common species. Tree-related structural attributes were sampled in a subset of sampling units (2889; 2356; 2309 and 1388 respectively for diameter, height, deadwood and microhabitats). Overall, multi-taxon studies are biased towards mature forests and may underrepresent the species related to other develop-mental phases. European forest compositional categories were all represented, but beech forests were over-represented as compared to thermophilous and boreal forests. Most sampling units (94%) were referred to a habitat type of conservation concern. Existing information may support European conservation and SFM stra-tegies in: (i) methodological harmonization and coordinated monitoring; (ii) definition and testing of SFM in-dicators and thresholds; (iii) data-driven assessment of the effects of environmental and management drivers on multi-taxon forest biological and functional diversity, (iv) multi-scale forest monitoring integrating in-situ and remotely sensed information.
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| 2. |
- Götmark, Elin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Varför finns buskar? Biologi och matematik i skön förening
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 111:2, s. 106-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe advantages for a shrub compared to a small tree with the same above-ground woody volume, based on larger cross-sectional stem area (Fig. 2b), larger area of photosynthetic tissue in bark and stem, larger vascular cambium area, larger epidermis (bark) area (Fig. 2c) and larger area for sprouting, and faster production of twigs and canopy. We predicted higher growth rate for a small shrub than a small tree, which was supported by empirical studies. Also, a shrub will produce seeds faster than a tree, multiple stems in shrubs insure future survival and growth if one or more stems die, and several structural traits improve survival, compared to tall tree stems. Multi-stemmed trees may be distinguished from shrubs by more upright stems, reducing bending moment (Fig. 6). More information in Götmark et al. 2016: Front. Plant Sci. 7: 1095.
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| 3. |
- Götmark, Elin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Why be a shrub?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 111:2, s. 106-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe advantages for a shrub compared to a small tree with the same above-ground woody volume, based on larger cross-sectional stem area (Fig. 2b), larger area of photosynthetic tissue in bark and stem, larger vascular cambium area, larger epidermis (bark) area (Fig. 2c) and larger area for sprouting, and faster production of twigs and canopy. We predicted higher growth rate for a small shrub than a small tree, which was supported by empirical studies. Also, a shrub will produce seeds faster than a tree, multiple stems in shrubs insure future survival and growth if one or more stems die, and several structural traits improve survival, compared to tall tree stems. Multi-stemmed trees may be distinguished from shrubs by more upright stems, reducing bending moment (Fig. 6).
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| 4. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating partial cutting in broadleaved temperate forest under strong experimental control: Short-term effects on herbaceous plants
- 2005
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 214:1-3, s. 124-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partial harvesting of forest for biofuel and other products may be less harmful to biodiversity than clear-cutting, and may even be beneficial for some species or groups of organisms such as herbs. There are, however, few well-controlled experiments evaluating positive and negative effects, such as species losses directly after harvest. In closed canopy mixed oak forest in Sweden, about 25% of the tree basal area and 50-90% of the understory was removed (mainly spruce, birch, aspen, lime, rowan and hazel). In each of six forests, we studied herbs in an experimental (cutting) plot and a control plot (undisturbed) before, and in the first summer, after the harvest (conducted in winter). Losses of species were similar in experimental and control plots (15-16%). The harvest increased species richness by 4-31% (mean 18%); also species diversity (H) increased. Several ruderals increased in experimental plots, but most changes occurred in grassland and forest species; partial cutting led to complex, partly unpredictable early changes in the herb community. A review of early effects of partial cutting (eight experiments) indicated that it increases herb species richness in stands of broadleaves, but apparently not in conifer stands; there was no evidence that partial cutting increases species losses. Thus, with respect to early changes after harvest, we found no negative effects of partial cutting on herbs. We suggest, however, that some proportion of closed-canopy mixed oak forest should not be harvested, to protect rare, potentially sensitive herbs, and to create stand diversity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Why Be a Shrub? A Basic Model and Hypotheses for the Adaptive Values of a Common Growth Form
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shrubs are multi-stemmed short woody plants, more widespread than trees, important in many ecosystems, neglected in ecology compared to herbs and trees, but currently in focus due to their global expansion. We present a novel model based on scaling relationships and four hypotheses to explain the adaptive significance of shrubs, including a review of the literature with a test of one hypothesis. Our model describes advantages for a small shrub compared to a small tree with the same above-ground woody volume, based on larger cross-sectional stem area, larger area of photosynthetic tissue in bark and stem, larger vascular cambium area, larger epidermis (bark) area, and larger area for sprouting, and faster production of twigs and canopy. These components form our Hypothesis 1 that predicts higher growth rate for a small shrub than a small tree. This prediction was supported by available relevant empirical studies (14 publications). Further, a shrub will produce seeds faster than a tree (Hypothesis 2), multiple stems in shrubs insure future survival and growth if one or more stems die (Hypothesis 3), and three structural traits of short shrub stems improve survival compared to tall tree stems (Hypothesis 4)all hypotheses have some empirical support. Multi-stemmed trees may be distinguished from shrubs by more upright stems, reducing bending moment. Improved understanding of shrubs can clarify their recent expansion on savannas, grasslands, and alpine heaths. More experiments and other empirical studies, followed by more elaborate models, are needed to understand why the shrub growth form is successful in many habitats.
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| 7. |
- A, Komonen, et al.
(författare)
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Insects associated with fruit bodies of the wood-decaying fungus Oak mazegill (Daedalea quercina) in mixed oak forests in southern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 133:4, s. 173-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polypores host species rich insect assemblages, but relatively few polypore species have been studied in detail. We investigated insect assemblages associated with the fruit bodies of Daedalea quercina, a specialist species on oak in southern Sweden. Fruit bodies (n = 228) were collected from 25 nature reserves and woodland key habitats, and were taken into the laboratory to collect emerging insects. A total of 245 insect individuals were recorded, belonging to at least 45 species. The numerically dominant fungivores were the tineid moths Montescardia tessulatella (n = 38 individuals) and Nemapogon fungivorellus (n = 10) and the coleopteran Ennearthron cornutum (Ciidae) (n = 44). Altogether 40 individuals of hymenopteran parasitoids were recorded, belonging to Braconidae (Exothecinae, Microgastrinae and Rogadinae, altogether 6 spp.), Ichneumonidae (Banchinae, Cryptinae and Orthocentrinae, altogether 4 spp.), Torymidae (1 sp.), Perilampidae (1 sp.) and Scelionidae (1 sp.). Most of the remaining insect species are not specifically associated with fruit bodies, but occupy many types of decaying material. In conclusion, D. quercina hosted a low number of insect individuals in general and only a few coleopteran species. The fungus apparently has only one specialist species, N. fungivorellus, which is a near-threatened (NT) species on the Swedish red list; the record from Norra Vi is the first from the Jönköping. The overall low number of insect individuals and the dominance of Lepidoptera among the fungivores is possibly explained by the tough fruit bodies of D. quercina, which only moths are able to utilize; fruit bodies which had already started to rot were devoid of moths.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Afghanistans skenande folkökning är ohållbar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Expressen. ; :3 oktober
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sverige har pausat det mycket stora biståndet till Afghanistan, ett land med snabbt ökande befolkning. Landet är nu på väg mot omfattande resursbrist, fattigdom och svält. En viktig del i fortsatt bistånd bör vara familjeplanering som minskar de problem den skenande folkökningen orsakar
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk mångfald föröds av jordens folkökning – nonchaleras av miljörörelser och media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fauna och flora : populär tidskrift för biologi. - 0014-8903. ; 118:3, s. 28-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Världens ohållbara folkökning leder till miljöförstörelse och minskande biologisk mångfald. Vi har utplånat det mesta av jordens tidigare rika fauna av stora däggdjur. Idag är vår och tamdjurens biomassa 50 gånger större än för alla andra landdäggdjur tillsammans! Ändå har stora delar av miljö- rörelsen märkligt nog tystnat om världens snabba folkökning, som behöver hejdas snarast möjligt med de humanitära medel som står till buds.
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