| 1. |
- Barbaud, Annick, et al.
(författare)
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Allergies and COVID-19 vaccines : An ENDA/EAACI Position paper
- 2022
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 77:8, s. 2292-2312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Anaphylaxis, which is rare, has been reported after COVID-19 vaccination, but its management is not standardized.Method Members of the European Network for Drug Allergy and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology interested in drug allergy participated in an online questionnaire on pre-vaccination screening and management of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, and literature was analysed.Results No death due to anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines has been confirmed in scientific literature. Potential allergens, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polysorbate and tromethamine are excipients. The authors propose allergy evaluation of persons with the following histories: 1-anaphylaxis to injectable drug or vaccine containing PEG or derivatives; 2-anaphylaxis to oral/topical PEG containing products; 3-recurrent anaphylaxis of unknown cause; 4-suspected or confirmed allergy to any mRNA vaccine; and 5-confirmed allergy to PEG or derivatives. We recommend a prick-to-prick skin test with the left-over solution in the suspected vaccine vial to avoid waste. Prick test panel should include PEG 4000 or 3500, PEG 2000 and polysorbate 80. The value of in vitro test is arguable.Conclusions These recommendations will lead to a better knowledge of the management and mechanisms involved in anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines and enable more people with history of allergy to be vaccinated.
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| 2. |
- Broesby-Olsen, Sigurd, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary Management of Mastocytosis : Nordic Expert Group Consensus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 96:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases defined by an increased number and accumulation of mast cells, and often also by signs and symptoms of mast cell activation. Disease subtypes range from indolent to rare aggressive forms. Mastocytosis affects people of all ages and has been considered rare; however, it is probably underdiagnosed with potential severe implications. Diagnosis can be challenging and symptoms may be complex and involve multiple organ-systems. In general it is advised that patients should be referred to centres with experience in the disease offering an individualized, multidisciplinary approach. We present here consensus recommendations from a Nordic expert group for the diagnosis and general management of patients with mastocytosis.
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| 3. |
- Gülen, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct plasma biomarkers confirm the diagnosis of mastocytosis and identify increased risk of anaphylaxis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 148:3, s. 889-894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mastocytosis encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by accumulation of clonal mast cells (MCs) in the skin and/or internal organs. Patients typically present with a broad variety of recurrent mediator-related clinical symptoms, including severe anaphylaxis. However, not all patients with mastocytosis experience anaphylactic reactions.Objective: We sought to identify disease-specific biomarkers in plasma that could be used to predict patients with mastocytosis with increased risk of anaphylaxis.Methods: Nineteen patients (>_18 years) and 2 control groups (11 subjects with allergic asthma and 13 healthy volunteers without history of atopy) were recruited. In total, 248 plasma proteins were analyzed by Proximity Extension Assay using Olink Proseek Multiplex panels.Results: We identified 4 novel proteins, in addition to tryptase, E-selectin, adrenomedullin, T-cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain 1, and CUB domain-containing protein 1/CD138 to be significantly increased in patients with mastocytosis compared with both patients with asthma and healthy controls. Furthermore, we investigated whether we could discriminate between patients with mastocytosis with or without anaphylaxis. In addition to tryptase, we identified 3 novel proteins, that is, allergin-1, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and galectin-3, with significantly different levels in patients with mastocytosis with anaphylaxis compared with those without anaphylaxis.Conclusions: Newly identified proteomic biomarkers may be used to predict patients with mastocytosis with increased risk of anaphylaxis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gülen, Theo
(författare)
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Mast cell activation disorders : a liaison between anaphylaxis and mastocytosis
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The term mast cell activation disorders (MCAD) comprises a broad spectrum of heterogeneous conditions, such as mastocytosis, characterized by inappropriate mast cell activation/accumulation. The patients present with protean clinical manifestations and severity grade of symptoms may vary from case-to-case. The periodic or chronic symptoms that attributable to the local and systemic effects of mast cell mediators are common findings, where anaphylaxis appears to be one of the predominating clinical manifestations that generate a sensation of fear in most affected patients. The overall aim of this thesis was to provide data on the demographic, epidemiologic and clinical characteristic of patients with systemic mastocytosis, and to investigate the prevalence and features of mast cell mediatorinduced symptoms, in particular, anaphylaxis. In addition, the complex interaction between anaphylaxis and mast cell activation disorders was explored by identifying risk factors. In Paper I, the case presented highlighted the many faces of mastocytosis and proved also that there was a lack of recognition of mastocytosis symptoms among physician. In this particular case, a correct diagnosis required almost 20 years despite that the patient had consulted several doctors and underwent extensive medical investigations. The turning point for making right diagnosis was to confirm that this patient had an elevated level of baseline serum tryptase. In Paper II, three puzzling cases of hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis (HVA) with elevated levels of baseline tryptase were discussed. Although all three patients presented with demographically and clinically similar data and received diagnosis of HVA using traditional allergy work-up, investigation of bone marrow mast cells led to changes in final diagnosis. This paper lends further support to the hypothesis of a clear-cut association between severe HVA and clonal mast cell disorders. In Paper III, we provided a comprehensive insight into patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) with respect to allergological aspects of this disease. We reported the presence of mast cell mediator induced symptoms in 90% of SM patients, of these symptoms 63% were related to gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, the prevalence of anaphylaxis in this cohort was found to be clearly increased (43%). Hymenoptera sting was the main elicitors (53%) followed by idiopathic anaphylaxis (39%). Anaphylaxis occurred more frequently in SM patients with atopic predisposition and patients without cutaneous engagement. Also, baseline tryptase levels were significantly lower in SM patients with anaphylaxis. In Paper IV, we presented comprehensive data on the characteristics of patients with unexplained anaphylaxis (UEA), by investigating these patients’ bone marrow mast cells. We found that 47% of patients had clonal markers of aberrant mast cells. Baseline serum tryptase levels were significantly higher (≥11.4 ng/ml) and conversely, total IgE levels were lower in patients with clonal mast cell disorders compared to patients with true idiopathic anaphylaxis. In Paper V, we sought to examine whether mast cells of patients with mast cell disorders express hyperreactivity in the skin and lower airways compared to control subjects. We also analyzed different mast cell mediators (serum tryptase and urinary histamine and prostaglandin D2 metabolites). Although we found elevated baseline levels of these mediators in patients with SM/MCAD, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that a hyperreactive mast cell phenotype would exist in the skin or bronchial airways of these patients. In conclusion, the work presented in this thesis provides a better understanding of different phenotypes of patients with mast cell disorders. We observed a high prevalence of anaphylaxis in these patients. Our findings, thus, support that all patients with mast cell activation disorders should undergo comprehensive allergy work-up providing personal risk assessment before considering treatment and preventive measures. Our data also indicates that clonal mast cell disorders are present in a substantial subset of patients with UEA.
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| 6. |
- Gülen, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factor Analysis of Anaphylactic Reactions in Patients With Systemic Mastocytosis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2198 .- 2213-2201. ; 5:5, s. 1248-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare disorder of abnormal mast cells in at least 1 extracutaneous organ/tissue. Anaphylaxis is an acute, severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction, and a strong association between SM and anaphylaxis has been shown. However, not all patients with SM experience anaphylaxis. Presently, there are no predictive markers to discriminate patients with SM at high risk of anaphylaxis from those at low risk.OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine risk factors for the occurrence of anaphylaxis in patients with SM.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 122 consecutive adult patients with SM admitted to the Mastocytosis Center at Karolinska University Hospital. All patients underwent medical evaluation, including bone marrow biopsy and a thorough allergy workup. To determine risk factors, study subjects were categorized into 2 groups according to the presence (n = 55) or absence (n = 67) of anaphylaxis and compared for their demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics.RESULTS: Patients with SM with anaphylaxis had less frequent presence of mastocytosis in the skin (P < .001), more atopic predisposition (P = .021), higher total IgE levels (P < .001), and lower baseline tryptase levels (27 ng/mL vs 42 ng/mL; P = .024) compared with patients with SM without anaphylaxis.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SM with anaphylaxis display unique clinical and laboratory features. Hence, a risk analysis tool that is capable of discriminating patients with SM at high risk of anaphylaxis from those at low risk with 86% sensitivity was developed by using the variables male sex, absence of mastocytosis in the skin, presence of atopy, IgE levels of 15 kU/L or more, and baseline tryptase levels of less than 40 ng/mL.
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| 7. |
- Gülen, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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The significance of diagnosing associated clonal mast cell diseases in patients with venom-induced anaphylaxis and the role of bone marrow investigation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 3:1, s. 22-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) represents a particular risk for exceptionally severe anaphylactic sting reactions in patients with clonal mast cell disorders (CMD). Nevertheless, conventional investigations are not sufficient to do accurate risk assessments. Increased levels of baseline serum tryptase (sBT) (>11.4 μg/L) is highly associated with severe anaphylactic reactions and with a possible underlying CMD. The measurement of baseline serum tryptase, thus, has opened the possibility to screen for CMD. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether bone marrow evaluation provides more accurate diagnosis in patients with HVA.Three patients of the same sex and similar age with HVA were enrolled in this clinical study. The patients underwent comprehensive allergy work-up including skin prick testing, measurements of serum total IgE concentrations and baseline serum tryptase. Bone-marrow biopsies were also performed in all three patients to assess underlying CMD.We evaluated characteristics of the bone marrow mast cells by pathology, flow cytometry and detection of D816V mutation by using current WHO-criteria, which led to changes in the final diagnosis compared to the assessments done by classical allergy work-up and measurements of sBT. Three distinct diagnostic outcomes including systemic mastocytosis, monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome and non-clonal HVA were revealed.We conclude that a bone marrow investigation is required for the correct diagnosis of hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylactic reactions in patients with elevated baseline tryptase levels (>11.4 μg/L), and this has important implications for management strategies.
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| 8. |
- Hägglund, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of malignant melanoma in patients with systemic mastocytosis?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 94:5, s. 583-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mastocytosis, a group of rare disorders that occur in bothchildren and adults, is characterised by abnormal growthand pathological accumulation of mast cells in one or moreorgans, most commonly the skin (1). Urticaria pigmentosa(UP) is the most common cutaneous variant. In cases ofextracutaneous involvement, systemic mastocytosis (SM)can be diagnosed on the basis of the criteria formulatedby the WHO. The course of SM in most patients (90%) isindolent, with more aggressive presentation in only a few.The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasingand although this malignancy and mastocytosis originatefrom 2 different types of cells (melanocytes from theneural crest and mast cells from haematopoetic stem cells,respectively) they share certain similarities, includingexpression of the transcription factors MITF and STAT3,and dependence of the growth factor receptor KIT and itsligand stem cell factor for their growth and development(2, 3). We have found 5 published case reports that suggesta relationship between these 2 pathologies. In the first,published in 1979, a patient with nodular mastocytosis de-veloped both melanocytoma and mastocytoma (4). In thesecond, UP and SM preceded a metastatic melanoma (5)and the third involved combined mastocytoma-junctionalnaevus (6). In the fourth case, malignant melanoma wasdiagnosed prior to SM (7). And finally, a patient withtelangiectasia macularis eruptive perstans (TEMP), arare form of cutaneous mastocytosis, was found to havea malignant melanoma (8).Here, we describe our 4 additional cases and discusspossible associations between these 2 diseases.
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| 9. |
- Kennedy, Vanessa E., et al.
(författare)
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Mast cell leukemia : clinical and molecular features and survival outcomes of patients in the ECNM Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 7:9, s. 1713-1724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a rare subtype of systemic mastocytosis defined by >= 20% mast cells (MC) on a bone marrow aspirate. We evaluated 92 patients with MCL from the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis registry. Thirty-one (34%) patients had a diagnosis of MCL with an associated hematologic neoplasm (MCL-AHN). Chronic MCL (lack of C-findings) comprised 14% of patients, and only 4.5% had "leukemic MCL" (>= 10% circulating MCs). KIT D816V was found in 62/85 (73%) evaluable patients; 9 (11%) individuals exhibited alternative KIT mutations, and no KIT variants were detected in 14 (17%) subjects. Ten evaluable patients (17%) had an abnormal karyotype and the poor-risk SRSF2, ASXL1, and RUNX1 (S/A/R) mutations were identified in 16/36 (44%) patients who underwent next-generation sequencing. Midostaurin was the most common therapy administered to 65% of patients and 45% as first-line therapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 1.6 years. In multivariate analysis (S/A/R mutations excluded owing to low event rates), a diagnosis of MCL-AHN (hazard ratio [HR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-13.0; P = .001) and abnormal karyotype (HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.4-13.3; P = .02) were associated with inferior OS; KIT D816V positivity (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.98; P = .04) and midostaurin treatment (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.08-0.72; P = .008) were associated with superior OS. These data provide the most comprehensive snapshot of the clinicopathologic, molecular, and treatment landscape of MCL to date, and should help further inform subtyping and prognostication of MCL.
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| 10. |
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